How to format your references using the Environmental Evidence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Evidence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Xu X. Enhanced trion emission from colloidal quantum dots with photonic crystals by two-photon excitation. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3228.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cheung AY, Wu H M. Plant biology. Pollen tube guidance--right on target. Science. 2001;293:1441–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bailey S, Eliason WK, Steitz TA. Structure of hexameric DnaB helicase and its complex with a domain of DnaG primase. Science. 2007;318:459–63.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Llewellyn ME, Barretto RPJ, Delp SL, Schnitzer MJ. Minimally invasive high-speed imaging of sarcomere contractile dynamics in mice and humans. Nature. 2008;454:784–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Warnock G, Ghafary M, Shaheen G. Alcatel-Lucent Service Routing Architect (SRA) Self-Study Guide. Indianapolis, IN, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. Shaker R, Belafsky PC, Postma GN, Easterling C, editors. Principles of Deglutition: A Multidisciplinary Text for Swallowing and its Disorders. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Wang W. FSK Modulation and Demodulation Analysis Based on Matlab. In: Qu X, Yang Y, editors. Information and Business Intelligence: International Conference, IBI 2011, Chongqing, China, December 23-25, 2011 Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 26–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Evidence.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Ancient Populations Migrated Frequently, Mixing Up DNA [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-populations-migrated-frequently-mixing-up-dna/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: HUD Needs to Better Define Commitments and Disclose Risks for Modernization Projects in Future Expenditure Plans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Nov. Report No.: GAO-11-72.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Houger VP. Generational differences and the impact to employee engagement: A program design [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Billard M. Pop Up, Jump Under. New York Times. 2010 Jun 3;E4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Evidence
ISSN (online)	2047-2382
Scope

Research and Writing Guides