How to format your references using the Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dolan, J. R. (2005). Marine ecology: different measures of biodiversity. Nature 433, E9; discussion E9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dai, X., and Huang, N. (2014). Numerical simulation of drifting snow sublimation in the saltation layer. Sci. Rep. 4, 6611.

A journal article with 3 authors

Norouzzadeh, P., Myles, C. W., and Vashaee, D. (2014). Prediction of giant thermoelectric power factor in type-VIII clathrate Si46. Sci. Rep. 4, 7028.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ikegaya, Y., Aaron, G., Cossart, R., Aronov, D., Lampl, I., Ferster, D., et al. (2004). Synfire chains and cortical songs: temporal modules of cortical activity. Science 304, 559–564.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sapienza, A. M. (2004). Managing Scientists. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ourselin, S., Rueckert, D., and Smith, N. eds. (2013). Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart: 7th International Conference, FIMH 2013, London, UK, June 20-22, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Tomás, A. P. (2015). “On the Enumeration of Permutominoes,” in Fundamentals of Computation Theory: 20th International Symposium, FCT 2015, Gdańsk, Poland, August 17-19, 2015, Proceedings, eds. A. Kosowski and I. Walukiewicz (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). How Jaws Kicked Off Our 40-Year Love Affair With Sharks. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987). Information System Security in Federal Civilian Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

San Miguel, A. M. (2010). Lived experiences and perceptions on mentoring among Latina scientists and engineers. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., and Saad, H. (2017). Dozens Killed As Blast Hits Bus Convoy In Syria. New York Times, A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dolan, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Dolan, 2005; Dai and Huang, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dai and Huang, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Ikegaya et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)