How to format your references using the Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moore, D. D. (2007). Physiology. Sister act. Science 316, 1436–1438.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yamagata, M., and Sanes, J. R. (2008). Dscam and Sidekick proteins direct lamina-specific synaptic connections in vertebrate retina. Nature 451, 465–469.

A journal article with 3 authors

Durniak, K. J., Bailey, S., and Steitz, T. A. (2008). The structure of a transcribing T7 RNA polymerase in transition from initiation to elongation. Science 322, 553–557.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Huang, F., Liu, X., Hu, L., and Chen, D. (2014). Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer parameters of Er3+-doped fluorozirconate and oxyfluoroaluminate glasses. Sci. Rep. 4, 5053.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Henry-Labordère, A. (2009). Virtual Roaming Systems for GSM, GPRS and UMTS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gabriel, J., Schier, J., Huffel, S. V., Conchon, E., Correia, C., Fred, A., et al. eds. (2013). Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies: 5th International Joint Conference, BIOSTEC 2012, Vilamoura, Portugal, February 1-4, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sultan, T., Khedr, A. E., and Ali, M. M. R. (2012). “Multi-Criteria Business Intelligence Approach,” in Signal Processing and Information Technology: First International Joint Conference, SPIT 2011 and IPC 2011, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, December 1-2, 2011, Revised Selected Papers Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering., eds. V. V. Das, E. Ariwa, and S. B. Rahayu (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 21–28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015). Arctic Warming May Capture More Methane Than It Releases. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/arctic-warming-may-capture-more-methane-it-releases/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2004). Tax Policy: Historical Tax Treatment of INTELSAT and Current Tax Rules for Satellite Corporations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ayhan, M. S. (2015). A Probabilistic Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, J. (2016). Looking Beyond Silicon to Squeeze More Out of Chips. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moore, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Moore, 2007; Yamagata and Sanes, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yamagata and Sanes, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)