How to format your references using the Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sudbery, P. (2002). Cell biology. When wee meets whi. Science 297, 351–352.

A journal article with 2 authors

Papke, R. T., and Gogarten, J. P. (2012). Ecology. How bacterial lineages emerge. Science 336, 45–46.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lykotrafitis, G., Rosakis, A. J., and Ravichandran, G. (2006). Self-healing pulse-like shear ruptures in the laboratory. Science 313, 1765–1768.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Quimby, R. M., Kulkarni, S. R., Kasliwal, M. M., Gal-Yam, A., Arcavi, I., Sullivan, M., et al. (2011). Hydrogen-poor superluminous stellar explosions. Nature 474, 487–489.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abdel-aleem, S. (2010). The Design and Management of Medical Device clinical Trials. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Weyand, B., Dominici, M., Hass, R., Jacobs, R., and Kasper, C. eds. (2013). Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Basics and Clinical Application II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Chumningan, S., Pornputtapong, N., Laoteng, K., Cheevadhanarak, S., and Thammarongtham, C. (2010). “3D Structure Modeling of a Transmembrane Protein, Fatty Acid Elongase,” in Computational Systems-Biology and Bioinformatics: First International Conference, CSBio 2010, Bangkok, Thailand, November 3-5, 2010. Proceedings, eds. J. H. Chan, Y.-S. Ong, and S.-B. Cho (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 36–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015). How “SuperAger” Brains Are Different Than Everyone Else’s. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/how-superager-brains-are-different-everyone-elses/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983). FBI Management of Its Automated Information Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zarate Ramirez, F. (2012). Pedagogical and performance approach to selected bel canto songs and arias of Bellini and Donizetti. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2012). The One And Only: The Footprints On a Path to Gold. New York Times, SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sudbery, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Sudbery, 2002; Papke and Gogarten, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Papke and Gogarten, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Quimby et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology
Abbreviation	Front. Microbiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-302X
Scope	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)