How to format your references using the Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, D. (2007). Small advances. Nature 450, 1141.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tanaka, H. K. M., and Watanabe, H. (2014). ⁶Li-loaded directionally sensitive anti-neutrino detector for possible geo-neutrinographic imaging applications. Sci. Rep. 4, 4708.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mishra, L., Derynck, R., and Mishra, B. (2005). Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in stem cells and cancer. Science 310, 68–71.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Helenius, J., Ng, D. T. W., Marolda, C. L., Walter, P., Valvano, M. A., and Aebi, M. (2002). Translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides across the ER membrane requires Rft1 protein. Nature 415, 447–450.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Taylor, B. (2005). Effective Environmental, Health, and Safety Management Using the Team Approach. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Stephanidis, C. ed. (2007). Universal Acess in Human Computer Interaction. Coping with Diversity: 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2007, Held as Part of HCI International 2007, Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Schorn, P. (2008). “Interfaces @ Supply Chain Event Management,” in Strategies and Tactics in Supply Chain Event Management, eds. R. Ijioui, H. Emmerich, and M. Ceyp (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 51–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014). Towers Produce Clean Drinking Water From Thin Air. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/towers-produce-clean-drinking-water-thin-air/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006). Air Traffic Control: Status of the Current Modernization Program and Planning for the Next Generation System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bobadilla, J. (2014). Helping at-risk youth through a preventative program.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S. (2002). Princeton’s Atkinson Won’t Let Injuries Stop Him. New York Times, D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Goldston, 2007; Tanaka and Watanabe, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tanaka and Watanabe, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Helenius et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology
Abbreviation	Front. Microbiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-302X
Scope	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)