How to format your references using the Frontiers in Energy Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Energy Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cavalli, G. (2012). Molecular biology. EZH2 goes solo. Science 338, 1430–1431.

A journal article with 2 authors

Campins, H., and Comfort, C. M. (2014). Solar system: Evaporating asteroid. Nature 505, 487–488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hartl, T. A., Smith, H. F., and Bosco, G. (2008). Chromosome alignment and transvection are antagonized by condensin II. Science 322, 1384–1387.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Miller, G. H., Fogel, M. L., Magee, J. W., Gagan, M. K., Clarke, S. J., and Johnson, B. J. (2005). Ecosystem collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a human role in megafaunal extinction. Science 309, 287–290.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Das, J. C. (2015). Power System Harmonics and Passive Filter Designs. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Shirato, K. ed. (2005). Venous Thromboembolism: Prevention and Treatment. Tokyo: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Srinivasan, A., and Goyal, M. (2007). “Digital Subtraction Angiography in Carotid Artery Stenosis,” in Imaging of Carotid Artery Stenosis, ed. B. J. Schaller (Vienna: Springer), 41–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Energy Research.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2017). Here’s What Could Happen To Earth Over The Next 500 Years If We Ignore Climate Change. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/heres-what-could-happen-to-earth-over-the-next-500-years-if-we-ignore-climate-changes/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973). Analysis of Cost Estimates for the Space Shuttle and Two Alternate Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Newfang, D. A. (2017). A Historical Assessment of Asbestos Exposure, Abatement Methods and Containment Efficacy During Asbestos Containing Material Removal Activities at a Large Federal Facility. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2007). Southampton Sets Aside Spot for Day Laborers. New York Times, 14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cavalli, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Cavalli, 2012; Campins and Comfort, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Campins and Comfort, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Miller et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Energy Research
Abbreviation	Front. Energy Res.
ISSN (online)	2296-598X
Scope