How to format your references using the Frontiers in Energy Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Energy Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gonzalez, C. (2001). Undergraduate research, graduate mentoring, and the university’s mission. Science 293, 1624–1626.

A journal article with 2 authors

Münck, E., and Bominaar, E. L. (2008). Chemistry. Bringing stability to highly reduced iron-sulfur clusters. Science 321, 1452–1453.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tellinghuisen, T. L., Marcotrigiano, J., and Rice, C. M. (2005). Structure of the zinc-binding domain of an essential component of the hepatitis C virus replicase. Nature 435, 374–379.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Genin, A., Jaffe, J. S., Reef, R., Richter, C., and Franks, P. J. S. (2005). Swimming against the flow: a mechanism of zooplankton aggregation. Science 308, 860–862.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown, R. A. (2012). Extreme Tissue Engineering. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gkoulalas-Divanis, A. (2010). Association Rule Hiding for Data Mining., ed. V. S. Verykios. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Shaw, R. H., and Sherwood, J. A. (2006). “Experimental Investigations of the Relationship of Baseball Bat Properties on Batted-Ball Performance,” in The Engineering of Sport 6: Volume 1: Developments for Sports, eds. E. F. Moritz and S. Haake (New York, NY: Springer), 17–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Energy Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017). This Bionic Octopus Arm Can Wrap Around Objects And Pick Them Up. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-bionic-octopus-arm-can-wrap-around-objects-and-pick-them-up/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978). The Education of the New Public Executive. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rich, J. B. (2009). Guinevere takes her seat at the Round Table—or does she? Moving a primary Western myth forward. Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017). Streaming Services Struggle to Root Out Music That Incites Hatred. New York Times, B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gonzalez, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Gonzalez, 2001; Münck and Bominaar, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Münck and Bominaar, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Genin et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Energy Research
Abbreviation	Front. Energy Res.
ISSN (online)	2296-598X
Scope