How to format your references using the Frontiers in Digital Humanities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Digital Humanities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hildebrandt, P. (2014). Biochemistry. More than fine tuning. Science 346, 1456–1457.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chu, S., and Majumdar, A. (2012). Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature 488, 294–303.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jankowski, P., McKellar, A. R. W., and Szalewicz, K. (2012). Theory untangles the high-resolution infrared spectrum of the ortho-H2-CO van der Waals complex. Science 336, 1147–1150.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Paukner, A., Suomi, S. J., Visalberghi, E., and Ferrari, P. F. (2009). Capuchin monkeys display affiliation toward humans who imitate them. Science 325, 880–883.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Huzurbazar, A. V. (2004). Flowgraph Models for Multistate Time-to-Event Data: Huzurbazar/Flowgraph Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Klaas, M., Koch, E., and Schröder, W. eds. (2011). Fundamental Medical and Engineering Investigations on Protective Artificial Respiration: A Collection of Papers from the DFG Funded Research Program PAR. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Shi, H., He, M., and Qin, Z. (2006). “Authenticated and Communication Efficient Group Key Agreement for Clustered Ad Hoc Networks,” in Cryptology and Network Security: 5th International Conference, CANS 2006, Suzhou, China, December 8-10, 2006. Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science., eds. D. Pointcheval, Y. Mu, and K. Chen (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 73–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Digital Humanities.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). Marmot Adorably Ruins Time Lapse of Glacier National Park. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1984). National Public Radio. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Estrin, J. L. (2014). Sitting in the Fire: An Exploration of Soul-Making in Prison.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear, M. D., and Plumer, B. (2017). Trump Has Choice to Make Between Science and His Base. New York Times, A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hildebrandt, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Chu and Majumdar, 2012; Hildebrandt, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chu and Majumdar, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Paukner et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Digital Humanities
Abbreviation	Front. Digit. Humanit.
ISSN (online)	2297-2668
Scope

Research and Writing Guides