How to format your references using the Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klein CA. Selection and adaptation during metastatic cancer progression. Nature (2013) 501:365–372.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhou Z, Zheng S. The missing link in Ginkgo evolution. Nature (2003) 423:821–822.

A journal article with 3 authors

Amari T, Luciani J-F, Aly J-J. Small-scale dynamo magnetism as the driver for heating the solar atmosphere. Nature (2015) 522:188–191.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Meng X, Guler U, Kildishev AV, Fujita K, Tanaka K, Shalaev VM. Unidirectional spaser in symmetry-broken plasmonic core-shell nanocavity. Sci Rep (2013) 3:1241.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Conklin AR Jr. Introduction to Soil Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2005).

An edited book

Eichler A. Empirical Research in Statistics Education. Zapata-Cardona L, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing. (2016). VII, 37 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Kitaev S, Lozin V. “Characterization of Word-Representable Graphs in Terms of Semi-transitive Orientations.,” In: Lozin V, editor. Words and Graphs. Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing (2015). p. 57–79

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Boeing Unveils “Starliner” That Will Take Astronauts To Space. IFLScience (2015) https://www.iflscience.com/space/boeing-unveils-starliner-will-soon-start-taking-astronauts-space/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Early Childhood Programs: Promoting the Development of Young Children in Denmark, France, and Italy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (1995).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Amodeo GA. Structural and biochemical characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMPK homolog SNF1. [Doctoral dissertation]. New York, NY: Columbia University. (2009).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Asia: Malaysia: Warplanes From Russia. New York Times (2003)A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Abbreviation	Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
ISSN (online)	2297-055X
Scope