How to format your references using the Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton R. Arson hampers conservation work. Nature (2001) 411:509.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee AL, Wand AJ. Microscopic origins of entropy, heat capacity and the glass transition in proteins. Nature (2001) 411:501–504.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vais H, Foskett JK, Mak D-OD. InsP3R channel gating altered by clustering? Nature (2011) 478:E1-2; discussion E2-3.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Tyrrell LP, Moore BA, Loftis C, Fernández-Juricic E. Looking above the prairie: localized and upward acute vision in a native grassland bird. Sci Rep (2013) 3:3231.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pavé A. Modeling Living Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2012).

An edited book

Aimar T. Business Cycles in the Run of History. Bismans F, Diebolt C, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing. (2016). VI, 94 p. 7 illus., 6 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Kapoor S, Dhama K. “Epidemiology of Influenza Viruses.,” In: Dhama K, editor. Insight into Influenza Viruses of Animals and Humans. Cham: Springer International Publishing (2014). p. 65–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Ant Body Odors Are Chemical Barcodes Used To Confirm The Identity Of Colony Members. IFLScience (2015) https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ant-body-odors-are-chemical-barcodes-used-confirm-identity-colony-members/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Indian Affairs: Management Challenges Continue to Hinder Efforts to Improve Indian Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (2013).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boylan M. Acute physiological resonses to yoga activity in a hot environment. [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach. (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Montague J. A Rare Desert Bloom. New York Times (2017)B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Abbreviation	Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
ISSN (online)	2297-055X
Scope