How to format your references using the Free Radical Biology and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Free Radical Biology and Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

O. Hallonsten, Europe needs fresh focus on big-science projects, Nature. 518 (2015) 275.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L. Luzzatto, R. Notaro, Malaria. Protecting against bad air, Science. 293 (2001) 442–443.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

L.E.L. Rasmussen, H.S. Riddle, V. Krishnamurthy, Mellifluous matures to malodorous in musth, Nature. 415 (2002) 975–976.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A.W. Schell, J. Kaschke, J. Fischer, R. Henze, J. Wolters, M. Wegener, O. Benson, Three-dimensional quantum photonic elements based on single nitrogen vacancy-centres in laser-written microstructures, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1577.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S.L. Horstmeyer, The Weather Almanac, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

M. Tribastone, S. Gilmore, eds., Computer Performance Engineering: 9th European Workshop, EPEW 2012, Munich, Germany, July 30, 2012, and 28th UK Workshop, UKPEW 2012, Edinburgh, UK, July 2, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A.D. Garg, P. Agostinis, Autophagy Induced by Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): Shaping Resistance Against Cell Death and Anti-Tumor Immunity, in: V. Rapozzi, G. Jori (Eds.), Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015: pp. 99–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Free Radical Biology and Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Pandas Cope With Their Bamboo Diet by Being Lazy, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pandas-cope-their-bamboo-diet-being-lazy/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Transportation Safety: Results of Collection of Information on State Permitting Practices for Oversize Vehicles (GAO-15-235SP, February 2015), an E-supplement to GAO-15-236 [Reissued on February 27, 2015], U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

E.D. Coleman, The Nature of Leadership: A Case Study of Distributed Leadership Amidst A Participative Change Effort, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Poniewozik, Can’t Recall Where You Were? That’s the Point, New York Times. (2017) C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Abbreviation	Free Radic. Biol. Med.
ISSN (print)	0891-5849
Scope	Biochemistry Physiology (medical)

Research and Writing Guides