How to format your references using the Foundations of Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Foundations of Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
Rogers, J. A. (2010). Journal club. A materials scientist comments on two methods for three-dimensional nanofabrication. Nature, 467(7311), 9.
A journal article with 2 authors
Alabugin, I., & Mohamed, R. K. (2014). Chemistry. A CO₂ cloak for the cyanide dagger. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6179), 45–46.
A journal article with 3 authors
Jewitt, D., Aussel, H., & Evans, A. (2001). The size and albedo of the Kuiper-belt object (20000) Varuna. Nature, 411(6836), 446–447.
A journal article with 8 or more authors
Mount, A. S., Wheeler, A. P., Paradkar, R. P., & Snider, D. (2004). Hemocyte-mediated shell mineralization in the eastern oyster. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5668), 297–300.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
Stone, R., & Gutiérrez-Albilla, J. D. (2013). A Companion to Luis Buñuel. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
An edited book
Bourassa, M. G., & Tardif, J.-C. (Eds.). (2006). Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease (Second Edition., Vol. 258). Boston, MA: Springer US.
A chapter in an edited book
Berndt, J. O., & Herzog, O. (2012). Distributed Learning of Best Response Behaviors in Concurrent Iterated Many-Object Negotiations. In I. J. Timm & C. Guttmann (Eds.), Multiagent System Technologies: 10th German Conference, MATES 2012, Trier, Germany, October 10-12, 2012. Proceedings (pp. 15–29). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Foundations of Science.

Blog post
Andrew, E. (2015, September 2). The Secret Sex Life And Pregnancy Of A Seahorse Dad. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/secret-sex-life-and-pregnancy-seahorse-dad/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
Government Accountability Office. (1988). DOD’s Risk Assessment and Safeguards Management of Chemical and Biological Warfare Research and Development Facilities (No. T-PEMD-88-10). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
Hernandez, A. (2012). Impact of the Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 on monthly caseworker visits to children in Los Angeles County on California’s foster care system (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
Pilon, M. (2014, February 17). Honing Their Chances With Photos and Wit. New York Times, p. D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rogers 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Alabugin and Mohamed 2014; Rogers 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

  • Two authors: (Alabugin and Mohamed 2014)
  • Three or more authors: (Mount et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal titleFoundations of Science
AbbreviationFound. Sci.
ISSN (print)1233-1821
ISSN (online)1572-8471
ScopeMultidisciplinary
History and Philosophy of Science

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