How to format your references using the Forum: Qualitative Social Research (English) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forum: Qualitative Social Research (English) (FQS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ristein, Jürgen (2006). Physics. Surface transfer doping of semiconductors. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5790), 1057–1058.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bergink, Steven & Jentsch, Stefan (2009). Principles of ubiquitin and SUMO modifications in DNA repair. Nature, 458(7237), 461–467.

A journal article with 3 authors

Son, Mun Yeong; Lee, Jung-Kul & Kang, Yun Chan (2014). Fabrication and electrochemical performance of 0.6Li2MnO3-0.4Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 microspheres by two-step spray-drying process. Scientific Reports, 4, 5752.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Brown, Martin; Bristow, Robert; Glazer, Peter; Hill, Richard; McBride, William; McKenna, Gillies & Muschel, Ruth (2003). Comment on ‘Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis’ (II). Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5652), 1894; author reply 1894.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Matthews, Gary G. (2002). Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle. Malden, MA USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Peiris, Chris (2007). Pro WCF: Practical Microsoft SOA Implementation. (D. Mulder, S. Cicoria, A. Bahree, & N. Pathak, Eds.). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee, Chang Ho & Cho, Yong Ju (2007). Framework of a Collaboration-Based Engineering Service System for Mould Industry. In Osvaldo Gervasi & Marina L. Gavrilova (Eds.), Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2007: International Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, August 26-29, 2007. Proceedings. Part III (pp. 33–44). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forum: Qualitative Social Research (English).

Blog post

Hale, Tom (2017). Scientists Forced To Abandon Antarctic Lab For Winter Due To Growing Ice Crack, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientists-forced-to-abandon-antarctic-lab-for-winter-due-to-growing-ice-crack/ [Accessed: 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976). Examination of the Treatment of Peer Reviewers’ Comments on Support for the ‘Individualized Science Instructional System’ Project (No. MWD-76-78). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Byeon, Grace (2014). More than words: A comparative study of Liszt’s Liebesträume and the songs from which they were transcribed (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda (2006). PRISONERS GAIN IN SUIT ATTACKING LETHAL INJECTION. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Forum: Qualitative Social Research (English)
ISSN (print)	1438-5627
Scope