How to format your references using the Forest Ecology and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forest Ecology and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brinster, R.L., 2002. Germline stem cell transplantation and transgenesis. Science 296, 2174–2176.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rose, C., Wright, G., 2004. Inscribed matter as an energy-efficient means of communication with an extraterrestrial civilization. Nature 431, 47–49.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, X., 2013. Accurate determination of the vapor-liquid-solid contact line tension and the viability of Young equation. Sci. Rep. 3, 2008.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zheng, Y., Mellem, J.E., Brockie, P.J., Madsen, D.M., Maricq, A.V., 2004. SOL-1 is a CUB-domain protein required for GLR-1 glutamate receptor function in C. elegans. Nature 427, 451–457.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schneider, B.D., 2007. Energy Leadership. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

List, B. (Ed.), 2009. Asymmetric Organocatalysis, Topics in Current Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Güven, Y., Barkana, D.E., 2011. Evaluation of an Orthopedic Surgical Robotic System Orthoroby on Bone Cadaver, in: Ao, S.-I., Amouzegar, M., Rieger, B.B. (Eds.), Intelligent Automation and Systems Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forest Ecology and Management.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Check Out This Video of a Complete Heart Transplant! [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/check-out-video-complete-heart-transplant/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1984. U.S. and Soviet Bloc Training of Latin American and Caribbean Students: Considerations in Developing Future U.S. Programs (No. NSIAD-84-109). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wright, C., 2010. A quantitative study of retirement knowledge among Spring 2009 Arizona high school graduates (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J., 2017. A Deep Dive for Living Treasure. New York Times D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brinster, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Brinster, 2002; Rose and Wright, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rose and Wright, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Zheng et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Forest Ecology and Management
Abbreviation	For. Ecol. Manage.
ISSN (print)	0378-1127
Scope	Forestry Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation