How to format your references using the Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Mindell JA. Structural biology. The Tao of chloride transporter structure. Science. 2010;330:601–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kostarelos K, Novoselov KS. Materials science. Exploring the interface of graphene and biology. Science. 2014;344:261–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Teuten EL, Xu L, Reddy CM. Two abundant bioaccumulated halogenated compounds are natural products. Science. 2005;307:917–20.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Modis Y, Ogata S, Clements D, Harrison SC. Structure of the dengue virus envelope protein after membrane fusion. Nature. 2004;427:313–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Beneke D, Peters M, Glasser D, Hildebrandt D. Understanding Distillation Using Column Profile Maps. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Li J. Towards Mesoscience: The Principle of Compromise in Competition. Huang W, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hung GMY, John NW, Hancock C, Hoshi T. Using and Validating Airborne Ultrasound as a Tactile Interface within Medical Training Simulators. In: Bello F, Cotin S, editors. Biomedical Simulation: 6th International Symposium, ISBMS 2014, Strasbourg, France, October 16-17, 2014 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 30–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. For $8,000, This Startup Will Fill Your Veins With The Blood Of Young People — But It Has No Idea If It’ll Have Any Benefits [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/for-8000-this-startup-will-fill-your-veins-with-the-blood-of-young-people-but-it-has-no-idea-if-itll-have-any-benefits/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Education Research: Preliminary Observations on the Institute of Education Sciences’ Research and Evaluation Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Sep. Report No.: GAO-13-852T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Munn JE. Information Technology Certification Training Implementation: Exploratory Case Study of Air Force and Civilian Leaders Experiences [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly S. Op-Art. New York Times. 2002 Mar 24;415.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
Abbreviation	Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	1547-769X
ISSN (online)	1556-2891
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine