How to format your references using the Foot and Ankle Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Foot and Ankle Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ott E. Obituary: Edward N. Lorenz (1917-2008). Nature 2008;453:300.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wang Z, Becker H. Ratios of S, Se and Te in the silicate Earth require a volatile-rich late veneer. Nature 2013;499:328–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Berkley KJ, Rapkin AJ, Papka RE. The pains of endometriosis. Science 2005;308:1587–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Iverson NR, Cohen D, Hooyer TS, Fischer UH, Jackson M, Moore PL, et al. Effects of basal debris on glacier flow. Science 2003;301:81–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Blackford R, Schüklenk U. 50 Great Myths about Atheism. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Steinhäusler F, Edwards F, editors. NATO AND TERRORISM Catastrophic Terrorism and First Responders: Threats and Mitigation: Proceedings of the Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Catastrophic Terrorism and First Responders: Threats and Mitigation Neuhausen-Stuttgart, Germany 10–12 May 2004. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Emani C. The Effects of Transgenic Crops on Non-target Organisms. In: Ahuja MR, Ramawat KG, editors. Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 59–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. The National Park Where Rangers Have A Licence To Kill Poachers. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/national-park-rangers-licence-kill-poachers/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Infrastructure: Feasibility of Using Alternate Means to Satisfy Requirements of Alaska National Airspace System Interfacility Communications System (ANICS) Phase II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Tam R. Adaptation of AspectJ for C sharp. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poniewozik J. A Sequel Rings Familiar, But Keeps the Fun Intact. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Foot and Ankle Surgery
Abbreviation	Foot Ankle Surg.
ISSN (print)	1268-7731
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine