How to format your references using the Foot and Ankle Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Foot and Ankle Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Parman SW. Helium isotopic evidence for episodic mantle melting and crustal growth. Nature 2007;446:900–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Chen J, Gottesman S. RNA. Riboswitch regulates RNA. Science 2014;345:876–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Makarieva AM, Gorshkov VG, Li B-L. Comment on “Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny.” Science 2009;325:1206; author reply 1206.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Filatov DA, Monéger F, Negrutiu I, Charlesworth D. Low variability in a Y-linked plant gene and its implications for Y-chromosome evolution. Nature 2000;404:388–90.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Fernandez-Maloigne C, Robert-Inacio F, Macaire L. Digital Color. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Barthe G, editor. Programming Languages and Systems: 20th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2011, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2011, Saarbrücken, Germany, March 26–April 3, 2011. Proceedings. vol. 6602. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Becerra HM, Sagüés C. Conclusions. In: Sagüés C, editor. Visual Control of Wheeled Mobile Robots: Unifying Vision and Control in Generic Approaches, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 99–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Telescope Detects Oldest And Most Distant Known Galaxy. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/oldest-furthest-galaxy-found/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Health Information Technology: HHS Is Pursuing Efforts to Advance Nationwide Implementation, but Has Not Yet Completed a National Strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Guarin Y. A Postpartum Support Group for Women Experiencing Postpartum Depression: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Williams J. Opening Up About a Closed World. New York Times 2017:C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Foot and Ankle Surgery
Abbreviation	Foot Ankle Surg.
ISSN (print)	1268-7731
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine