How to format your references using the Food Security citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Security. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stock, J. (2003). Geophysics. Hotspots come unstuck. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5636), 1059–1060.

A journal article with 2 authors

Namouni, F., & Porco, C. (2002). The confinement of Neptune’s ring arcs by the moon Galatea. Nature, 417(6884), 45–47.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kulathinal, R. J., Bettencourt, B. R., & Hartl, D. L. (2004). Compensated deleterious mutations in insect genomes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5701), 1553–1554.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Topál, J., Gergely, G., Erdohegyi, A., Csibra, G., & Miklósi, A. (2009). Differential sensitivity to human communication in dogs, wolves, and human infants. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5945), 1269–1272.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jevon, P. (2012). Paediatric Advanced Life Support. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Kovacevic, R. M., Pflug, G. C., & Vespucci, M. T. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of Risk Management in Energy Production and Trading (Vol. 199). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Peters-Burton, E. E., & Martin-Hansen, L. M. (2016). Implications of Gifted Student Selection Techniques for Scientific Creativity. In M. K. Demetrikopoulos & J. L. Pecore (Eds.), Interplay of Creativity and Giftedness in Science (pp. 47–69). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Security.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, December 25). Half-Female, Half-Male Cardinal is a Lonely Bird. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/half-female-half-male-cardinal-lonely-bird/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Centralized Subsystem for Paying Officers in the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service (No. FGMSD-77-23). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Polderman, M. C. (2006). Textile Factories and Subsistence Plots: Rural Women’s Livelihoods and Unique Transition Experiences in Bulgaria (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2016, December 7). Film Series in NYC This Week. New York Times, p. C29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stock 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Namouni and Porco 2002; Stock 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Namouni and Porco 2002)
Three or more authors: (Topál et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food Security
Abbreviation	Food Secur.
ISSN (print)	1876-4517
ISSN (online)	1876-4525
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Food Science Development