How to format your references using the Food Security citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Security. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crow, J. M. (2011). Microbiome: That healthy gut feeling. Nature, 480(7378), S88-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rosen, E. D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2006). Adipocytes as regulators of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Nature, 444(7121), 847–853.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hollingsworth, R. G., Armstrong, J. W., & Campbell, E. (2002). Caffeine as a repellent for slugs and snails. Nature, 417(6892), 915–916.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhang, Z., Schwanz, D., Narayanan, B., Kotiuga, M., Dura, J. A., Cherukara, M., et al. (2018). Perovskite nickelates as electric-field sensors in salt water. Nature, 553(7686), 68–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilson, R. C. (2010). The Hedge Fund Book. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gregory, C. D. (Ed.). (2016). Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy: New Perspectives and Opportunities (Vol. 930). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Yang, J., Ma, X., Hou, C., & Yao, Z. (2008). A Static Multiprocessor Scheduling Algorithm for Arbitrary Directed Task Graphs in Uncertain Environments. In A. G. Bourgeois & S. Q. Zheng (Eds.), Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 8th International Conference, ICA3PP 2008, Cyprus, June 9-11, 2008 Proceedings (pp. 18–29). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Security.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, September 22). Watch A Guy Deliberately Get Stung By The “Cow Killer” Ant In The Name Of Science. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-a-guy-deliberately-get-stung-by-the-cow-killer-ant-in-the-name-of-science/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service Quality, and Barriers to Entry (No. RCED-99-92). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Al Hashimi, H. (2017). Local Measurement and Characterization via Fluorescing Materials for Phase Change Heat Transfer Applications (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2003, March 30). Disaster? You Call This a Disaster? New Yorkers Rank Last in Plans. New York Times, p. 145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crow 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Crow 2011; Rosen and Spiegelman 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rosen and Spiegelman 2006)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food Security
Abbreviation	Food Secur.
ISSN (print)	1876-4517
ISSN (online)	1876-4525
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Food Science Development