How to format your references using the Food and Chemical Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food and Chemical Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xie, X.S., 2013. Biochemistry. Enzyme kinetics, past and present. Science 342, 1457–1459.

A journal article with 2 authors

Berenbaum, M.R., Eisner, T., 2008. Ecology. Bugs’ bugs. Science 322, 52–53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thitamadee, S., Tuchihara, K., Hashimoto, T., 2002. Microtubule basis for left-handed helical growth in Arabidopsis. Nature 417, 193–196.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Struck, T.H., Paul, C., Hill, N., Hartmann, S., Hösel, C., Kube, M., Lieb, B., Meyer, A., Tiedemann, R., Purschke, G., Bleidorn, C., 2011. Phylogenomic analyses unravel annelid evolution. Nature 471, 95–98.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bragg, S.M., 2010. Cost Reduction Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Nolte, G. (Ed.), 2009. Peace through International Law: The Role of the International Law Commission. A Colloquium at the Occasion of its Sixtieth Anniversary, Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht, Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Williams, J.S., Wong-Leung, J., 2010. Voids and Nanocavities in Silicon, in: Bernas, H. (Ed.), Materials Science with Ion Beams, Topics in Applied Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 113–146.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food and Chemical Toxicology.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Magnetic Stimulation To The Brain Can Make You More Horny [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1993. Transition From School to Work: S. 1361 Addresses Components of Comprehensive Strategy (No. T-HRD-93-31). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rankinen, W.A., 2014. The Sociophonetic and Acoustic Vowel Dynamics of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula English (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2001. Many Families Waver on Plans For Holidays. New York Times 58.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Xie, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Berenbaum and Eisner, 2008; Xie, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Berenbaum and Eisner, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Struck et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food and Chemical Toxicology
Abbreviation	Food Chem. Toxicol.
ISSN (print)	0278-6915
Scope	Food Science General Medicine Toxicology