How to format your references using the Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C (2015) Change the cancer conversation. Nature 520:7

A journal article with 2 authors

Khoury MJ, Ioannidis JPA (2014) Medicine. Big data meets public health. Science 346:1054–1055

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang Y, Kirmizialtin S, Sanchez IC (2014) Dynamic void distribution in myoglobin and five mutants. Sci Rep 4:4011

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hayashi S, Nawata K, Taira T, et al (2014) Ultrabright continuously tunable terahertz-wave generation at room temperature. Sci Rep 4:5045

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burd B (2011) Java® For Dummies®. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Levy RA, Ablon JS (eds) (2009) Handbook of Evidence-Based Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Bridging the Gap Between Science and Practice. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

A chapter in an edited book

Chela-Flores J (2014) Fluid Mechanics and Systems Biology for Understanding the Cosmic Distribution of Life: A Review. In: Sigalotti LDG, Klapp J, Sira E (eds) Computational and Experimental Fluid Mechanics with Applications to Physics, Engineering and the Environment. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 107–120

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Microbes And The Mantle Helped Earth’s Early Atmosphere Get Its Oxygen. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/microbes-and-the-mantle-helped-earths-early-atmosphere-get-its-oxygen/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Waste From School Lunches. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hinchey BA (2010) Punishing the Penitent: Disproportionate Fines in Recent FCPA Enforcements and Suggested Improvements. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB (2016) Why a Merger of Media Firms That Should Be a Sure Bet Isn’t. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Khoury and Ioannidis 2014; Macilwain 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Khoury and Ioannidis 2014)
Three or more authors: (Hayashi et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal
Abbreviation	Flex. Serv. Manuf. J.
ISSN (print)	1936-6582
ISSN (online)	1936-6590
Scope	Management Science and Operations Research Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering