How to format your references using the Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sundqvist B (2014) Mapping intermolecular bonding in C₆₀. Sci Rep 4:6171

A journal article with 2 authors

Rez P, Treacy MMJ (2013) Three-dimensional imaging of dislocations. Nature 503:E1

A journal article with 3 authors

Gergely G, Bekkering H, Király I (2002) Rational imitation in preverbal infants. Nature 415:755

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yan S, Zhang J, Li M, et al (2014) On-chip high-throughput manipulation of particles in a dielectrophoresis-active hydrophoretic focuser. Sci Rep 4:5060

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Early WF II (2010) Contractor and Client Relations to Assure Process Safety. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Mendonça JT (2013) Physics of Ultra-Cold Matter: Atomic Clouds, Bose-Einstein Condensates and Rydberg Plasmas. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Polizzotto K, Landman NH, Klug C (2015) Cameral Membranes, Pseudosutures, and Other Soft Tissue Imprints in Ammonoid Shells. In: Klug C, Korn D, De Baets K, et al. (eds) Ammonoid Paleobiology: From anatomy to ecology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 91–109

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal.

Blog post

Andrew D (2017) A 10-Foot Great White Shark Jumped Right Into A Fisherman’s Boat In Australia. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Aviation Safety: System Safety Approach Needs Further Integration into FAA’s Oversight of Airlines. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ruby CA (2017) Application of Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to Remotely Operated Vehicle (Rov) Video Data for Enhanced Geospatial Analysis of Deep Sea Environments. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ortved J (2016) Trading a T Square for Showbiz. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sundqvist 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Rez and Treacy 2013; Sundqvist 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rez and Treacy 2013)
Three or more authors: (Yan et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal
Abbreviation	Flex. Serv. Manuf. J.
ISSN (print)	1936-6582
ISSN (online)	1936-6590
Scope	Management Science and Operations Research Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering