How to format your references using the Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vastag B (2008) Assembly work. Nature 453:422–423

A journal article with 2 authors

Partida-Martinez LP, Hertweck C (2005) Pathogenic fungus harbours endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production. Nature 437:884–888

A journal article with 3 authors

Fortes AD, Suard E, Knight KS (2011) Negative linear compressibility and massive anisotropic thermal expansion in methanol monohydrate. Science 331:742–746

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chen R, Wheeler PJ, Di Ventra M, Natelson D (2014) Enhanced noise at high bias in atomic-scale Au break junctions. Sci Rep 4:4221

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hochstadt H (1988) Integral Equations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Zhang H (2013) 4G Femtocells: Resource Allocation and Interference Management. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

McDonald B, McGehee S, Landrum R (2012) Implementing Dashboard-Style Report Objects. In: McGehee S, Landrum R (eds) Pro SQL Server 2012 Reporting Services. Apress, Berkeley, CA, pp 89–123

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Dramatic Battle Between Great White Sharks Caught On Camera. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/great-white-sharks-do-battle/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Competitiveness of Federal Computer Procurements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sripinit T (2012) How Much Do We Understand About Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy? Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

James Barron With Eric Lipton G. S. Bourdain, Crow K, Fabricant F (2001) BOLDFACE NAMES. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vastag 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Partida-Martinez and Hertweck 2005; Vastag 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Partida-Martinez and Hertweck 2005)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal
Abbreviation	Flex. Serv. Manuf. J.
ISSN (print)	1936-6582
ISSN (online)	1936-6590
Scope	Management Science and Operations Research Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering