How to format your references using the Fishes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fishes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holmes, D. Addiction: 4 Big Questions. Nature 2015, 522, S63.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schindler, C.S.; Jacobsen, E.N. Chemistry. A New Twist on Cooperative Catalysis. Science 2013, 340, 1052–1053.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schuch, R.; Nelson, D.; Fischetti, V.A. A Bacteriolytic Agent That Detects and Kills Bacillus Anthracis. Nature 2002, 418, 884–889.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schliewen, U.K.; Kocher, T.D.; McKaye, K.R.; Seehausen, O.; Tautz, D. Evolutionary Biology: Evidence for Sympatric Speciation? Nature 2006, 444, E12-3; discussion E13.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kiehl, A.R.; Mays, M.B.C. Atlas for the Diagnosis of Tumors in the Dog and Cat; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2016; ISBN 9781119050766.

An edited book

Evidence-Based Approaches in Positive Education: Implementing a Strategic Framework for Well-Being in Schools; White, M.A., Murray, A.S., Eds.; Positive Education; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2015; ISBN 9789401796668.

A chapter in an edited book

Schreurs, M.A. The German Energiewende in a European Context. In Germany’s Energy Transition: A Comparative Perspective; Hager, C., Stefes, C.H., Eds.; Palgrave Macmillan US: New York, NY, 2016; pp. 91–110 ISBN 9781137442871.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fishes.

Blog post

Taub, B. Electric Shocks To The Brain Help People Navigate A Maze Without Even Seeing It Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/electric-shocks-brain-help-people-navigate-maze-without-even-seeing/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office New Denver Airport Followup; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1992;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kay, K. A Support Group for Older Adult Males Struggling with Depression: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. Cubs Slugger Admits He May Cry Over His Unlikely Return to Action. New York Times 2016, B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fishes
Abbreviation	G.
ISSN (online)	2410-3888
Scope