How to format your references using the Fishes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fishes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bondi, H. Obituary: Thomas Gold (1920-2004). Nature 2004, 430, 415.

A journal article with 2 authors

Watmough, S.A.; Dillon, P.J. Mycorrhizal Weathering in Base-Poor Forests. Nature 2003, 423, 823–824; discussion 824.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baldwin, M.P.; Dameris, M.; Shepherd, T.G. Atmosphere. How Will the Stratosphere Affect Climate Change? Science 2007, 316, 1576–1577.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yao, Q.; Luo, Z.; Yuan, X.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Xie, J.; Lee, J.Y. Assembly of Nanoions via Electrostatic Interactions: Ion-like Behavior of Charged Noble Metal Nanoclusters. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 3848.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Garduno Barrera, D.; Diaz, M. Communicating Systems with UML 2; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2011; ISBN 9781118602201.

An edited book

Grasping in Robotics; Carbone, G., Ed.; Mechanisms and Machine Science; Springer: London, 2013; Vol. 10; ISBN 9781447146636.

A chapter in an edited book

Popescu-Zeletin, R.; Radusch, I.; Rigani, M.A. Information in the Vehicular Network. In Vehicular-2-X Communication: State-of-the-Art and Research in Mobile Vehicular Ad hoc Networks; Radusch, I., Rigani, M.A., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010; pp. 47–66 ISBN 9783540771425.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fishes.

Blog post

Hale, T. Mysterious Metal Object Crash Lands At A Jade Mine In Myanmar Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/mysterious-metal-object-crash-lands-at-a-jade-mine-in-myanmar/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Information Technology: Census Bureau Needs to Improve Its Risk Management of Decennial Systems; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2007;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen, J.R. Staging Vietnamese America: Music and the Performance of Vietnamese American Identities. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University: Bloomington, IN, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller, B. Police Mourn Slain Officer, as Do the Bronx Residents She Served. New York Times 2017, A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fishes
Abbreviation	G.
ISSN (online)	2410-3888
Scope