How to format your references using the First World War Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First World War Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan, H. “Mergers and Acquisitions Rock UK Chemical Industry Infrastructure.” Nature 406, no. 6797 (August 17, 2000): 812.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clarke, John, and Frank K. Wilhelm. “Superconducting Quantum Bits.” Nature 453, no. 7198 (June 19, 2008): 1031–42.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maier, Timm, Simon Jenni, and Nenad Ban. “Architecture of Mammalian Fatty Acid Synthase at 4.5 A Resolution.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 311, no. 5765 (March 3, 2006): 1258–62.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Hanotte, Olivier, Daniel G. Bradley, Joel W. Ochieng, Yasmin Verjee, Emmeline W. Hill, and J. Edward O. Rege. “African Pastoralism: Genetic Imprints of Origins and Migrations.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296, no. 5566 (April 12, 2002): 336–39.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saguet, Pierre. Numerical Analysis in Electromagnetics. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

Saeed, Khalid, and Wladyslaw Homenda, eds. Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management: 14th IFIP TC 8 International Conference, CISIM 2015, Warsaw, Poland, September 24-26, 2015, Proceedings. 1st ed. 2015. Vol. 9339. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Beck, Guenter W., and Volker Wieland. “Money in Monetary Policy Design: Monetary Cross-Checking in the New-Keynesian Model.” In The Science and Practice of Monetary Policy Today: The Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics 2007, edited by Volker Wieland, 59–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First World War Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. “7 Myths About Space You Probably Believe.” IFLScience. IFLScience, September 18, 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/7-myths-about-space/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Information Technology: Additional Actions and Oversight Urgently Needed to Reduce Waste and Improve Performance in Acquisitions and Operations.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 10, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lieberman, Viridiana. “One Yard Shy of Empowerment: Cinematic Portrayals of Female Athletes.” Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Isaac, Mike. “Uber Board, Deeply Split, Can’t Agree On a C.E.O.” New York Times, July 30, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	First World War Studies
Abbreviation	First World War Stud.
ISSN (print)	1947-5020
ISSN (online)	1947-5039
Scope	History