How to format your references using the First World War Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First World War Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moran, Mary. “WHO Plans for Neglected Diseases Are Wrong.” Nature 506, no. 7488 (February 20, 2014): 267.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rawlins, D., and K. Pickering. “Ancient Chronology. Astronomical Orientation of the Pyramids.” Nature 412, no. 6848 (August 16, 2001): 699–700.

A journal article with 3 authors

Green, Stephen A., Marcos Simoes-Costa, and Marianne E. Bronner. “Evolution of Vertebrates as Viewed from the Crest.” Nature 520, no. 7548 (April 23, 2015): 474–82.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Mills, Edward M., Matthew L. Banks, Jon E. Sprague, and Toren Finkel. “Pharmacology: Uncoupling the Agony from Ecstasy.” Nature 426, no. 6965 (November 27, 2003): 403–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Groves, Eric. The Constant Contact Guide to Email Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.

An edited book

Proulx, Tom, ed. Engineering Applications of Residual Stress, Volume 8: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. New York, NY: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Smith, Tiffany Watt. “Of Hats and Scientific Laughter.” In Staging Science: Scientific Performance on Street, Stage and Screen, edited by Martin Willis, 59–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First World War Studies.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan. “NASA Study Reveals How Mars Turned From A Habitable World Into A Dead Planet.” IFLScience. IFLScience, November 5, 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mars-atmosphere-study-reveals-how-it-turned-habitable-world-dead-planet0/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Arts Funding: Public Funding Profiles of the NEA States and Cities.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 23, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jackson, Michelle. “Creating Community in a Dual Immersion Program: A Grant Writing Project.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tomasky, Michael. “Single Payer or Bust?” New York Times, August 14, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	First World War Studies
Abbreviation	First World War Stud.
ISSN (print)	1947-5020
ISSN (online)	1947-5039
Scope	History