How to format your references using the First World War Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First World War Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Beard, Chris. “Paleontology. East of Eden at the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295, no. 5562 (March 15, 2002): 2028–29.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bhaskaran, Hari, and Rick Russell. “Kinetic Redistribution of Native and Misfolded RNAs by a DEAD-Box Chaperone.” Nature 449, no. 7165 (October 25, 2007): 1014–18.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lavrentovich, Oleg D., Israel Lazo, and Oleg P. Pishnyak. “Nonlinear Electrophoresis of Dielectric and Metal Spheres in a Nematic Liquid Crystal.” Nature 467, no. 7318 (October 21, 2010): 947–50.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Vo, My-Nuong, Markus Terrey, Jeong Woong Lee, Bappaditya Roy, James J. Moresco, Litao Sun, Hongjun Fu, et al. “Publisher Correction: ANKRD16 Prevents Neuron Loss Caused by an Editing-Defective tRNA Synthetase.” Nature 560, no. 7720 (August 2018): E35.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lee, Weng Fook. Verilog Coding for Logic Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.

An edited book

Reinhard, Thomas, and Frank Larkin, eds. Cornea and External Eye Disease. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Richards, Christopher M., Donald A. Falk, and Arlee M. Montalvo. “Population and Ecological Genetics in Restoration Ecology.” In Foundations of Restoration Ecology, edited by Margaret A. Palmer, Joy B. Zedler, and Donald A. Falk, 123–52. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First World War Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. “Giant Manta Ray Tangled In Fishing Line Appears To ‘Ask For Help’ From Divers.” IFLScience. IFLScience, September 12, 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/giant-manta-ray-tangled-fishing-line-appears-ask-help-divers/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Patent Policy: Recent Changes in Federal Law Considered Beneficial.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, April 16, 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Contartesi, Richard A. “School Climate: A Correlational Analysis of Superintendent Leadership Communication and Employee Performance.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear, Michael D., Mark Landler, and James Kanter. “Trump’s Message to Nato Is Pay Up, Not ‘All for One.’” New York Times, May 25, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	First World War Studies
Abbreviation	First World War Stud.
ISSN (print)	1947-5020
ISSN (online)	1947-5039
Scope	History