How to format your references using the First World War Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First World War Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Davies, William. “Palaeoanthropology: The Time of the Last Neanderthals.” Nature 512, no. 7514 (August 21, 2014): 260–61.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ashlin, Alison, and Richard J. Ladle. “Science Communication. Environmental Science Adrift in the Blogosphere.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 312, no. 5771 (April 14, 2006): 201.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen, Fei, Paul W. Tillberg, and Edward S. Boyden. “Optical Imaging. Expansion Microscopy.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 347, no. 6221 (January 30, 2015): 543–48.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bax, Benjamin D., Pan F. Chan, Drake S. Eggleston, Andrew Fosberry, Daniel R. Gentry, Fabrice Gorrec, Ilaria Giordano, et al. “Type IIA Topoisomerase Inhibition by a New Class of Antibacterial Agents.” Nature 466, no. 7309 (August 19, 2010): 935–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lee, John C., and Norman J. McCormick. Risk and Safety Analysis of Nuclear Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan, and Indrani Bhattacharya, eds. Advances in Optical Science and Engineering: Proceedings of the First International Conference, IEM OPTRONIX 2014. Vol. 166. Springer Proceedings in Physics. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Hua, Cheng, Hai-Jun Zhao, and Yi Chen. “Mining XML Frequent Query Patterns.” In Integration and Innovation Orient to E-Society Volume 1: Seventh IFIP International Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society (I3E2007), October 10–12, Wuhan, China, edited by Weijun Wang, Yanhui Li, Zhao Duan, Li Yan, Hongxiu Li, and Xiaoxi Yang, 26–34. IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First World War Studies.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. “Young Blood Recharges Brains of Old Mice.” IFLScience. IFLScience, May 5, 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Year 2000 Computing Challenge: FBI Needs to Complete Business Continuity Plans.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, October 22, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tabano, James G. “How Former Division I Student-Athletes Experienced Their Dual Undergraduate Roles: The Internal Competition for an Identity.” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, Ben. “Is Flushing the Next Great Crime Setting?” New York Times, August 17, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	First World War Studies
Abbreviation	First World War Stud.
ISSN (print)	1947-5020
ISSN (online)	1947-5039
Scope	History