How to format your references using the First Monday citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First Monday. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Philip H. Bucksbaum, 2004. “Applied physics. X-ray movies of wiggling crystals,” Science (New York, N.Y.), volume 306, number 5702, pp. 1691–1692.

A journal article with 2 authors

Michael Gale Jr and Eileen M. Foy, 2005. “Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis C virus,” Nature, volume 436, number 7053, pp. 939–945.

A journal article with 3 authors

S. Y. Savrasov, G. Kotliar and E. Abrahams, 2001. “Correlated electrons in delta-plutonium within a dynamical mean-field picture,” Nature, volume 410, number 6830, pp. 793–795.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dooho Choi, Matthew Moneck, Xuan Liu, Soong Ju Oh, Cherie R. Kagan, Kevin R. Coffey and Katayun Barmak, 2013. “Crystallographic anisotropy of the resistivity size effect in single crystal tungsten nanowires,” Scientific reports, volume 3, p. 2591.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jens Pohl, 2011. Building Science, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Marc Humbert, Oleg V. Evgenov and Johannes-Peter Stasch edsAA, 2013. Pharmacotherapy of Pulmonary Hypertension, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Franck Taillandier and Patrick Taillandier, 2014. “Risk Management in Construction Project Using Agent-Based Simulation,” In: J.M. Corchado, J. Bajo, J. Kozlak, P. Pawlewski, J.M. Molina, B. Gaudou, V. Julian, R. Unland, F. Lopes, K. Hallenborg and P. García Teodoro (editors). Highlights of Practical Applications of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems. The PAAMS Collection: PAAMS 2014 International Workshops, Salamanca, Spain, June 4-6, 2014. Proceedings, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 34–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First Monday.

Blog post

Elise Andrew, 2014. “Destruction of Amazon Rainforest Visible From Space,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. Maritime Infrastructure: Opportunities Exist to Improve the Effectiveness of Federal Efforts to Support the Marine Transportation System, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Xiaoyin Pei, 2008. Acid modification of psyllium, Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rodrigo A. Medellín, Don J. Melnick and Mary C. Pearl, 2014. “Protect Our Bats,” New York Times, p. A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bucksbaum, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Bucksbaum, 2004; Gale and Foy, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gale and Foy, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Choi et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	First Monday
ISSN (print)	1396-0466
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Human-Computer Interaction Law