How to format your references using the First Monday citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First Monday. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Richard Smith, 2012. “Why a macroeconomic perspective is critical to the prevention of noncommunicable disease,” Science (New York, N.Y.), volume 337, number 6101, pp. 1501–1503.

A journal article with 2 authors

Andreas Mulch and C. Page Chamberlain, 2006. “Earth science: the rise and growth of Tibet,” Nature, volume 439, number 7077, pp. 670–671.

A journal article with 3 authors

Melanie H. Smith, Hidde L. Ploegh and Jonathan S. Weissman, 2011. “Road to ruin: targeting proteins for degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum,” Science (New York, N.Y.), volume 334, number 6059, pp. 1086–1090.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Amy C. Driskell, Cécile Ané, J. Gordon Burleigh, Michelle M. McMahon, Brian C. O’meara and Michael J. Sanderson, 2004. “Prospects for building the tree of life from large sequence databases,” Science (New York, N.Y.), volume 306, number 5699, pp. 1172–1174.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Andreas Krimpmann, 2015. Principles of Group Accounting under IFRS, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Marcelo Arenas, Oscar Corcho, Elena Simperl, Markus Strohmaier, Mathieu d’Aquin, Kavitha Srinivas, Paul Groth, Michel Dumontier, Jeff Heflin, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan and Steffen Staab edsAA, 2015. The Semantic Web - ISWC 2015: 14th International Semantic Web Conference, Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11-15, 2015, Proceedings, Part I, Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Rainer Brüggemann and Ganapati P. Patil, 2011. “Structures of Partial Orders,” In: G.P. Patil (editor). Ranking and Prioritization for Multi-indicator Systems: Introduction to Partial Order Applications, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 57–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First Monday.

Blog post

Elise Andrew, 2014. “Junk Food Rats Ditch Balanced Diet To Eat Just Like Obese People,” IFLScience, at https://www.iflscience.com/brain/junk-food-rats-ditch-balanced-diet-eat-just-obese-people/, accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1993. Airline Competition: Higher Fares and Less Competition Continue at Concentrated Airports, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richard Carley, 2013. Evaluation of the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and hurricanes on wildfires in southeast Louisiana, Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky (nyt), 2002. “World Briefing | Europe: Lithuania: Presidential Runoff,” New York Times, p. A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Smith, 2012; Mulch and Chamberlain, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mulch and Chamberlain, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Driskell et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	First Monday
ISSN (print)	1396-0466
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Human-Computer Interaction Law