How to format your references using the First Monday citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First Monday. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

K. E. Goodson, 2007. “Materials science. Ordering up the minimum thermal conductivity of solids,” Science (New York, N.Y.), volume 315, number 5810, pp. 342–343.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tural Khudiyev and Mehmet Bayindir, 2014. “Superenhancers: novel opportunities for nanowire optoelectronics,” Scientific reports, volume 4, p. 7505.

A journal article with 3 authors

M. J. Benton, V. P. Tverdokhlebov and M. V. Surkov, 2004. “Ecosystem remodelling among vertebrates at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Russia,” Nature, volume 432, number 7013, pp. 97–100.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kristijan Ramadan, Roland Bruderer, Fabio M. Spiga, Oliver Popp, Tina Baur, Monica Gotta and Hemmo H. Meyer, 2007. “Cdc48/p97 promotes reformation of the nucleus by extracting the kinase Aurora B from chromatin,” Nature, volume 450, number 7173, pp. 1258–1262.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Denis Bosq and Delphine Blanke, 2007. Inference and Prediction in Large Dimensions: Bosq/Inference and Prediction in Large Dimensions, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Michael Bader, Hans-Joachim Bungartz and Tobias Weinzierl edsAA, 2013. Advanced Computing, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

John M. Hutson and Spencer W. Beasley, 2013. “Abnormalities of the Penis,” In: S.W. Beasley (editor). The Surgical Examination of Children, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 63–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First Monday.

Blog post

Elise Andrew, 2015. “Mining Conquistadors Caused Air Pollution 200 Years Before The Industrial Revolution,” IFLScience, at https://www.iflscience.com/environment/mining-conquistadors-caused-air-pollution-200-years-industrial-revolution/, accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. Commercial Motor Vehicles: Significant Actions Remain to Improve Truck Safety, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dina Barajas, 2010. The marginalization of Zitkala-Ša and Wendy Rose, Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dorie Greenspan, 2017. “It’s All in the Hands,” New York Times, p. MM28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goodson, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Goodson, 2007; Khudiyev and Bayindir, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Khudiyev and Bayindir, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Ramadan et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	First Monday
ISSN (print)	1396-0466
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Human-Computer Interaction Law