How to format your references using the Financial Markets and Portfolio Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Financial Markets and Portfolio Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bruins, H.J.: Anthropology. Dating Pharaonic Egypt. Science. 328, 1489–1490 (2010)

A journal article with 2 authors

Broecker, W.S., Hemming, S.: Paleoclimate. Climate swings come into focus. Science. 294, 2308–2309 (2001)

A journal article with 3 authors

Schibler, U., Ripperger, J.A., Brown, S.A.: Circadian rhythms. Chronobiology--reducing time. Science. 293, 437–438 (2001)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Makise, K., Mitsuishi, K., Shimojo, M., Shinozaki, B.: Microstructural analysis and transport properties of MoO and MoC nanostructures prepared by focused electron beam-induced deposition. Sci. Rep. 4, 5740 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwedt, G.: Zuckersüße Chemie. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany (2010)

An edited book

Zumbo, B.D., Chan, E.K.H. eds: Validity and Validation in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Lamantia, F., Radi, D., Sbragia, L.: Dynamic Modeling in Renewable Resource Exploitation. In: Bischi, G.I., Panchuk, A., and Radi, D. (eds.) Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems, Tools and Applications for Economic Modelling: Lectures Given at the COST Training School on New Economic Complex Geography at Urbino, Italy, 17-19 September 2015. pp. 257–289. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Financial Markets and Portfolio Management.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Termites Have Been Building Bioreactors for 30 Million Years, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/termites-have-been-building-bioreactors-30-million-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: General Government Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1995)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carrier, T.H.: Using Grunig’s Situational Theory for Analysis of Frames in Human Trafficking Awareness Organizations’ YouTube Videos, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J.: Mets Start Spring as Big Spenders, and Carrying an Outfield Surplus, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bruins 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Broecker and Hemming 2001; Bruins 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Broecker and Hemming 2001)
Three or more authors: (Makise et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Financial Markets and Portfolio Management
ISSN (print)	1934-4554
ISSN (online)	2373-8529
Scope