How to format your references using the Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Walther G-R. Ecology. Tackling ecological complexity in climate impact research. Science. 2007 Feb;315(5812):606–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Karki BB, Stixrude LP. Viscosity of MgSiO3 liquid at Earth’s mantle conditions: implications for an early magma ocean. Science. 2010 May;328(5979):740–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li Y-L, Kinloch IA, Windle AH. Direct spinning of carbon nanotube fibers from chemical vapor deposition synthesis. Science. 2004 Apr;304(5668):276–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Paredes B, Widera A, Murg V, Mandel O, Fölling S, Cirac I, et al. Tonks-Girardeau gas of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Nature. 2004 May;429(6989):277–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Quinlan J, VanderBrug J. Gender Lens Investing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Rocher G. The Definitive Guide to Grails. Second Edition. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Peeters M. CRC Liver Metastases. In: Van Cutsem E, Vogl TJ, Orsi F, Sobrero A, editors. Locoregional Tumor Therapy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015; pp 55–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.

Blog post

Davis J. Sperm Whale Cultures Found To Completely Change In The Waters Of The Galápagos [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sperm-whale-cultures-found-to-completely-change-in-the-waters-of-the-galpagos/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Healthcare.gov: Information Security and Privacy Controls Should Be Enhanced to Address Weaknesses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robertson O. Gender and Crew Resource Management: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study. 2014

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Santora M, Nir SM. A New Crime Surfaces in a Socialite’s Death. New York Times. 2016 Jan;A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
Abbreviation	Fetal Diagn. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1015-3837
ISSN (online)	1421-9964
Scope	General Medicine Embryology Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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