How to format your references using the Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Huntress WT Jr. Planetary science. Human space exploration is about more than just science. Science. 2003 Aug;301(5634):771.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pueyo S, Jovani R. Comment on “A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function.” Science. 2006 Sep;313(5794):1739; author reply 1739.

A journal article with 3 authors

Puntes VF, Krishnan KM, Alivisatos AP. Colloidal nanocrystal shape and size control: the case of cobalt. Science. 2001 Mar;291(5511):2115–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hwang Y-J, Lee E-W, Song J, Kim H-R, Jun Y-C, Hwang K-A. MafK positively regulates NF-κB activity by enhancing CBP-mediated p65 acetylation. Sci Rep. 2013 Nov;3:3242.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Alfirevic Z, Crowther CA, Gülmezoglu AM, Hodnett ED, et al. A Cochrane Pocketbook: Pregnancy and Childbirth. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Coleman PT. Morton Deutsch: A Pioneer in Developing Peace Psychology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Erickson T, Halverson CA, Kellogg WA. Figuring Out How to Figure Out: Supporting Expertise Sharing in Online Systems. In: Halverson CA, Erickson T, Kellogg WA, editors. Resources, Co-Evolution and Artifacts: Theory in CSCW. London: Springer; 2008; pp 95–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.

Blog post

Hale T. HAARP Opens Doors To Conspiracy Theorists To Prove “It Is Not Capable Of Mind Control” [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Aug [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/haarp-opens-doors-to-conspiracy-theorists-to-prove-it-is-not-capable-of-mind-control/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Management Improvement Needed in FAA’s Airworthiness Directive Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia M. Perception of Latino students by teachers and counselors in the educational system. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. New Yorkers in Moscow Follow Stanislavsky’s Path. New York Times. 2005 May;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
Abbreviation	Fetal Diagn. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1015-3837
ISSN (online)	1421-9964
Scope	General Medicine Embryology Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging