How to format your references using the Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rodrigues ASL. Effective global conservation strategies. Nature. 2007 Dec;450(7171):E19; author reply E20.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin CH, Wainwright PC. Multiple fitness peaks on the adaptive landscape drive adaptive radiation in the wild. Science. 2013 Jan;339(6116):208–11.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sharma B, Mandani S, Sarma TK. Biogenic growth of alloys and core-shell nanostructures using urease as a nanoreactor at ambient conditions. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2601.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Stroock AD, Dertinger SKW, Ajdari A, Mezic I, Stone HA, Whitesides GM. Chaotic mixer for microchannels. Science. 2002 Jan;295(5555):647–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zlokarnik M. Scale-up. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Cebulla M, editor. Object-Oriented Technology. ECOOP 2007 Workshop Reader: ECOOP 2007 Workshops, Berlin, Germany, July 30-31, 2007, Final Reports. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Mitteldorf J. Evolutionary Origins of Aging. In: Fahy GM, West MD, Coles LS, Harris SB, editors. The Future of Aging: Pathways to Human Life Extension. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010; pp 87–126.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.

Blog post

Carpineti A. NASA To Create The Coldest Place In Space [Internet]. IFLScience. 2017 Mar

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Better Mechanisms Needed for Sharing Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stephens BS. Understanding CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Activation by CXC Chemokine Ligand 12. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Olmsted SA. DEPUTY MAYOR IDEA NOT NEW; Tammany Objection to the Charter Plan Regarded as Baseless. New York Times. 1936 Nov;BOOKS20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
Abbreviation	Fetal Diagn. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1015-3837
ISSN (online)	1421-9964
Scope	General Medicine Embryology Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging