How to format your references using the Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mészáros P. Gamma-Ray bursts: accumulating afterglow implications, progenitor clues, and prospects. Science. 2001 Jan;291(5501):79–84.

A journal article with 2 authors

Conway TM, John SG. Quantification of dissolved iron sources to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature. 2014 Jul;511(7508):212–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weisz C, Glowatzki E, Fuchs P. The postsynaptic function of type II cochlear afferents. Nature. 2009 Oct;461(7267):1126–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Loh P-R, Genovese G, Handsaker RE, Finucane HK, Reshef YA, Palamara PF, et al. Insights into clonal haematopoiesis from 8,342 mosaic chromosomal alterations. Nature. 2018 Jul;559(7714):350–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pederson LD. Dialectical Behavior Therapy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Re L del, Allgöwer F, Glielmo L, Guardiola C, Kolmanovsky I, editors. Automotive Model Predictive Control: Models, Methods and Applications. London: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Venkataraman ST. Heart–Lung Interactions. In: Munoz R, Morell V, Cruz E, Vetterly C, editors. Critical Care of Children with Heart Disease: Basic Medical and Surgical Concepts. London: Springer; 2010; pp 33–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Future Is Bright, The Future Is … Quantum Dot Televisions [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jan [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/future-bright-future-quantum-dot-televisions/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FACE Recognition Technology: FBI Should Better Ensure Privacy and Accuracy [Reissued on August 3, 2016]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Conti AI. Dirty hands, virtue ethics, and consequentialism. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. A Sour Surprise for Public Pensions. New York Times. 2016 Sep;BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
Abbreviation	Fetal Diagn. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1015-3837
ISSN (online)	1421-9964
Scope	General Medicine Embryology Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging