How to format your references using the Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nisbet E. Earth monitoring: Cinderella science. Nature. 2007 Dec;450(7171):789–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boettiger C, Hastings A. Tipping points: From patterns to predictions. Nature. 2013 Jan;493(7431):157–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wohlgemuth S, Ronacher B, Wehner R. Ant odometry in the third dimension. Nature. 2001 Jun;411(6839):795–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Siridechadilok B, Fraser CS, Hall RJ, Doudna JA, Nogales E. Structural roles for human translation factor eIF3 in initiation of protein synthesis. Science. 2005 Dec;310(5753):1513–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moskowitz HR, Porretta S, Silcher M. Concept Research in Food Product Design and Development. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2008.

An edited book

Baleanu D, Guvenc ZB, Machado JAT, editors. New Trends in Nanotechnology and Fractional Calculus Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Simpson R, Hughes J, Slutskaya N. White Working Class Masculinities and Dirty Work. In: Hughes J, Slutskaya N, editors. Gender, Class and Occupation: Working Class Men doing Dirty Work. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016; pp 85–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.

Blog post

Taub B. What’s The Most Dangerous Contact Sport In The World? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Nov [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/medical-experts-find-boxing-more-dangerous-mma0/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. University Funding: Federal Funding Mechanisms in Support of University Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Salters DD. The effects of independent reading on the reading comprehension skills of sixth-grade students. 2008

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fausset R, Blinder A, Eligon J. Blacks Beg to Differ With Trump’s Depiction. New York Times. 2016 Aug;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
Abbreviation	Fetal Diagn. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1015-3837
ISSN (online)	1421-9964
Scope	General Medicine Embryology Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging