How to format your references using the Family Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Family Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

de Chadarevian S. Perceptions in science. The making of an icon. Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):255–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

O’Connor PM, Claessens LPAM. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature. 2005 Jul 14;436(7048):253–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoener TW, Losos JB, Spiller DA. Island biogeography of populations: an introduced species transforms survival patterns. Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1807–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

You L, Cox RS 3rd, Weiss R, Arnold FH. Programmed population control by cell-cell communication and regulated killing. Nature. 2004 Apr 22;428(6985):868–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saksena FB. Patient Studies in Valvular, Congenital, and Rarer Forms of Cardiovascular Disease. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Alberts G, Oldenziel R, editors. Hacking Europe: From Computer Cultures to Demoscenes. London: Springer; 2014. VIII, 269 p. 22 illus. (History of Computing).

A chapter in an edited book

Rischpater R, Zucker D. Beginning Qt Development. In: Zucker D, editor. Beginning Nokia Apps Development: Qt and HTML5 for Symbian and MeeGo. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2010. p. 59–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Family Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. A Tiger’s Roar Is As Unique As A Fingerprint [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-tigers-roar-is-as-unique-as-a-fingerprint/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation: Issues Associated With the Theft of Stock Used to Create Airline Tickets. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Jul. Report No.: RCED-99-219.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bontrager JG. Characterization and Applications for A Polymerized DiaCEST Contrast Agent [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly DA. Weekender | Lenox, Mass. New York Times. 2004 Mar 19;F8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Family Medicine
Abbreviation	Fam. Med.
ISSN (print)	0742-3225
ISSN (online)	1938-3800
Scope	Family Practice