How to format your references using the Extremes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Extremes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blake, D.: Biodiscovery--from reef to outback. Nature. 429, 15–17 (2004)

A journal article with 2 authors

Margoliash, D., Hale, M.E.: Neuroscience. Vertebrate vocalizations. Science. 321, 347–348 (2008)

A journal article with 3 authors

Campbell, C., Shea, K., Albert, R.: Network models. Comment on “Control profiles of complex networks.” Science. 346, 561 (2014)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Grimson, M.J., Coates, J.C., Reynolds, J.P., Shipman, M., Blanton, R.L., Harwood, A.J.: Adherens junctions and beta-catenin-mediated cell signalling in a non-metazoan organism. Nature. 408, 727–731 (2000)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lemma, A.: Introduction to the Practice of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England (2008)

An edited book

Palamidessi, C., Ryan, M.D. eds: Trustworthy Global Computing: 7th International Symposium, TGC 2012, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, September 7-8, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)

A chapter in an edited book

Afonso, A.: The Domestic Regulation of Transnational Labour Markets: EU Enlargement and the Politics of Labour Migration in Switzerland and Ireland. In: Bruszt, L. and Holzhacker, R. (eds.) The Transnationalization of Economies, States, and Civil Societies: New Challenges for Governance in Europe. pp. 83–106. Springer US, New York, NY (2009)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Extremes.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: This 3D Printer Uses Glass For Ink, https://www.iflscience.com/technology/3d-printed-glass-sculptures/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Administration of Certain Allowances and Differentials Paid to Civilian Employees Located Overseas. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1971)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edson, C.: A Mixed-Methods Investigation on Contributing Factors to the Political Efficacy of Eighth Grade Students in a Suburban School District in Missouri, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J.: As Hitting Improves, Wheeler Lifts Mets From the Mound, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Blake 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Blake 2004; Margoliash and Hale 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Margoliash and Hale 2008)
Three or more authors: (Grimson et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Extremes
Abbreviation	Extremes (Boston)
ISSN (print)	1386-1999
ISSN (online)	1572-915X
Scope	Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) Engineering (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability

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