How to format your references using the Extremes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Extremes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P.: A delicate balance. Nature. 429, 323 (2004)

A journal article with 2 authors

Keightley, P.D., Otto, S.P.: Interference among deleterious mutations favours sex and recombination in finite populations. Nature. 443, 89–92 (2006)

A journal article with 3 authors

Elioff, M.S., Valentini, J.J., Chandler, D.W.: Subkelvin cooling NO molecules via “billiard-like” collisions with argon. Science. 302, 1940–1943 (2003)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Masgrau, L., Roujeinikova, A., Johannissen, L.O., Hothi, P., Basran, J., Ranaghan, K.E., Mulholland, A.J., Sutcliffe, M.J., Scrutton, N.S., Leys, D.: Atomic description of an enzyme reaction dominated by proton tunneling. Science. 312, 237–241 (2006)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raut, R., Swamy, M.N.S.: Modern Analog Filter Analysis and Design. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany (2010)

An edited book

Casas, F., Martínez, V. eds: Advances in Differential Equations and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Hajny, J., Malina, L.: Unlinkable Attribute-Based Credentials with Practical Revocation on Smart-Cards. In: Mangard, S. (ed.) Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications: 11th International Conference, CARDIS 2012, Graz, Austria, November 28-30, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. pp. 62–76. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Extremes.

Blog post

Hamilton, K.: Dog Sniffs Out Thyroid Cancer In Urine Samples

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Job Corps Costs and Outcomes. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1993)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clovis, D.J.: The thayer valve and its effect on a generation and beyond, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M.: No Headline, (1992)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Keightley and Otto 2006; Smaglik 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Keightley and Otto 2006)
Three or more authors: (Masgrau et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Extremes
Abbreviation	Extremes (Boston)
ISSN (print)	1386-1999
ISSN (online)	1572-915X
Scope	Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) Engineering (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability