How to format your references using the Extremes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Extremes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rowe, D.: Sustainability. Education for a sustainable future. Science. 317, 323–324 (2007)

A journal article with 2 authors

Gelman, R., Gallistel, C.R.: Language and the origin of numerical concepts. Science. 306, 441–443 (2004)

A journal article with 3 authors

Azuma, S., Katayama, I., Nakakuki, T.: Rheological decoupling at the Moho and implication to Venusian tectonics. Sci. Rep. 4, 4403 (2014)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yeung, T., Gilbert, G.E., Shi, J., Silvius, J., Kapus, A., Grinstein, S.: Membrane phosphatidylserine regulates surface charge and protein localization. Science. 319, 210–213 (2008)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lalanne, C.: Specification Development. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2014)

An edited book

Inoue, M., Levy, M., Baryshev, A.V. eds: Magnetophotonics: From Theory to Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)

A chapter in an edited book

Cheng, R.: Querying and Cleaning Uncertain Data. In: Rothermel, K., Fritsch, D., Blochinger, W., and Dürr, F. (eds.) Quality of Context: First International Workshop, QuaCon 2009, Stuttgart, Germany, June 25-26, 2009. Revised Papers. pp. 41–52. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Extremes.

Blog post

Davis, J.: Scientists Fed Volunteers 6,000 Calories For Science

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: National Transportation Safety Board’s Implementation of GAO Recommendations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2012)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson, A.S.: Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure of Direct Laser Deposited Inconel 718 Alloy, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J.: Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rowe 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Gelman and Gallistel 2004; Rowe 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gelman and Gallistel 2004)
Three or more authors: (Yeung et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Extremes
Abbreviation	Extremes (Boston)
ISSN (print)	1386-1999
ISSN (online)	1572-915X
Scope	Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) Engineering (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability