How to format your references using the Experiments in Fluids citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Experiments in Fluids. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fisk Z (2007) Physics. A whiff of chemistry in heavy electron physics. Science 318:1559–1560

A journal article with 2 authors

Benoist C, Mathis D (2002) Mast cells in autoimmune disease. Nature 420:875–878

A journal article with 3 authors

Lawrence KT, Liu Z, Herbert TD (2006) Evolution of the eastern tropical Pacific through Plio-Pleistocene glaciation. Science 312:79–83

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhao C, Zheng W, Wang X, et al (2013) Ultrahigh capacitive performance from both Co(OH)₂/graphene electrode and K₃Fe(CN)₆ electrolyte. Sci Rep 3:2986

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mazze RS, Strock ES, Bergenstal RM, et al (2011) Staged Diabetes Management. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Bartroff J (2013) Sequential Experimentation in Clinical Trials: Design and Analysis. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Bailey DL, Humm JL (2013) Physics of Nuclear Oncology. In: Strauss HW, Mariani G, Volterrani D, Larson SM (eds) Nuclear Oncology: Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications. Springer, New York, NY, pp 79–92

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Experiments in Fluids.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Three Mile High Volcanic Eruption Captured In Dazzling Infrared. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/volcanic-eruption-costa-rica-captured-dazzling-infrared/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) ICBM Modernization: Availability Problems and Flight Test Delays in Peacekeeper Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mathew J (2008) Examining the relationship between secondary school head teachers’ leadership and teachers’ satisfaction in Kerala, India. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Folkers KM (2016) The Millennials’ S.T.D.? New York Times SR5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fisk 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Benoist and Mathis 2002; Fisk 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Benoist and Mathis 2002)
Three or more authors: (Zhao et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Experiments in Fluids
Abbreviation	Exp. Fluids
ISSN (print)	0723-4864
ISSN (online)	1432-1114
Scope	Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Computational Mechanics Mechanics of Materials General Physics and Astronomy