How to format your references using the European Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ploegh HL. Don Craig Wiley (1944-2001). Nature 2002;415:492.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wigler M, Mishra B. Genetics. Wild by nature. Science 2002;296:1407–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Carbotte SM, Small C, Donnelly K. The influence of ridge migration on the magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges. Nature 2004;429:743–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Greely H, Sahakian B, Harris J, Kessler RC, Gazzaniga M, Campbell P, et al. Towards responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy. Nature 2008;456:702–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Troffaes MCM, Cooman G de. Lower Previsions: Troffaes/Lower Previsions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2014.

An edited book

Huang W, Alem L, Livingston MA, editors. Human Factors in Augmented Reality Environments. New York, NY: Springer 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Gillai B, Lee HL. Internet-Based Distribution Channel for Product Diversion with Potential Manufacturer’s Intervention. In: Tang CS, Netessine S, eds. Consumer-Driven Demand and Operations Management Models: A Systematic Study of Information-Technology-Enabled Sales Mechanisms. Boston, MA: Springer US 2009. 115–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Andrews R. Practising Music Improves The Symmetry Of Your Brain. IFLScience. 2015.https://www.iflscience.com/brain/practising-music-improves-symmetry-your-brain/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Computer Systems: Overview of Federal Systems for Processing Aliens Seeking U.S. Entry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bravo J. Project Share: Implementing an aftercare program for recovering adolescents: A grant proposal. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. From Educators, Caution on Parent Fund-Raisers and Foundations. New York Times. 2009;:LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0969-9546
ISSN (online)	1473-5695
Scope	Emergency Medicine

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