How to format your references using the European Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski D. Malaysia plans ‘red book’ in its attempts to go green. Nature 2005;436:313.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lindenbach BD, Rice CM. Unravelling hepatitis C virus replication from genome to function. Nature 2005;436:933–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee H, Habas R, Abate-Shen C. MSX1 cooperates with histone H1b for inhibition of transcription and myogenesis. Science 2004;304:1675–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Goes JI, Thoppil PG, Gomes H do R, Fasullo JT. Warming of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive. Science 2005;308:545–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rapaport H. The Literary Theory Toolkit. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2011.

An edited book

Ritsner M, editor. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume II: Phenotypic and Endophenotypic Presentations. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Jespers E, Okniński J. Algebras of submonoids of polycyclic-by-finite groups. In: Okniński J, ed. Noetherian Semigroup Algebras. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2007. 63–115.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Shark Attacks Are So Unlikely, But So Fascinating. IFLScience. 2015.https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/shark-attacks-are-so-unlikely-so-fascinating/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Supplemental Security Income Computerized System Development Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clark KN. Institutions and Self-Governing Social Systems: Linking Reflexivity and Institutional Theories for Cybersecurity and Other Commons Governance Policies. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vlasic B. Detroit’s Chief Instigator. New York Times. 2015;:BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0969-9546
ISSN (online)	1473-5695
Scope	Emergency Medicine

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