How to format your references using the Experiments in Fluids citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Experiments in Fluids. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nimis PL (2001) A tale from Bioutopia. Nature 413:21

A journal article with 2 authors

West SA, Sheldon BC (2002) Constraints in the evolution of sex ratio adjustment. Science 295:1685–1688

A journal article with 3 authors

Makarieva AM, Gorshkov VG, Li B-L (2009) Comment on “Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny.” Science 325:1206; author reply 1206

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bowers JE, Chapman BA, Rong J, Paterson AH (2003) Unravelling angiosperm genome evolution by phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal duplication events. Nature 422:433–438

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kirchner T (2016) Merger Arbitrage. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Verlinsky Y (2005) Practical Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Cullmann J, Schmitz GH (2011) Design of Artificial Neural Networks for Flood Forecasting. In: Schumann AH (ed) Flood Risk Assessment and Management: How to Specify Hydrological Loads, Their Consequences and Uncertainties. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 77–96

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Experiments in Fluids.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Evidence For The Earliest Oxygen-Producing Organisms Found In 3.4-BILLION-Year-Old Rocks. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/evidence-earliest-oxygen-producing-organisms-found-34-billion-year-old-rocks/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Federal Research: Small Business Innovation Research Program Shows Success but Can Be Strengthened. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Song H-J (2014) Strategic Constraints of Economic Interdependence: South Korea’s Changing Strategy in the Face of a Rising China. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2017) Film Series. New York Times C28

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nimis 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Nimis 2001; West and Sheldon 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (West and Sheldon 2002)
Three or more authors: (Bowers et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Experiments in Fluids
Abbreviation	Exp. Fluids
ISSN (print)	0723-4864
ISSN (online)	1432-1114
Scope	Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Computational Mechanics Mechanics of Materials General Physics and Astronomy