How to format your references using the European Urology Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Urology Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Macilwain C. Beware of backroom deals in the name of “science.” Nature 2014;508:289.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Salinga M, Wuttig M. Applied physics. Phase-change memories on a diet. Science 2011;332:543–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Dorman SN, Viner C, Rogan PK. Splicing mutation analysis reveals previously unrecognized pathways in lymph node-invasive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2014;4:7063.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Raber J, Wong D, Yu GQ, Buttini M, Mahley RW, Pitas RE, et al. Apolipoprotein E and cognitive performance. Nature 2000;404:352–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Anderson D. TKO Hiring! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Chakraborty S, editor. Mechanics Over Micro and Nano Scales. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mahmoud H, Masulli F, Rovetta S, Russo G. Community Detection in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Using Spectral and Graph Approaches. In: Formenti E, Tagliaferri R, Wit E, editors. Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics: 10th International Meeting, CIBB 2013, Nice, France, June 20-22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 62–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Urology Focus.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Human Trial Shows Engineered Immune Cells Could Help Fight Leukemia. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Early Learning and Child Care: Federal Funds Support Multiple Programs with Similar Goals. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Powell BD. An ethnographic case study of teachers who are alumni of the private day school for boys in which they teach. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Gustines GG. Obama Pays Tribute to the ‘Peanuts’ Gang. New York Times 2016:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Urology Focus
Abbreviation	Eur. Urol. Focus
ISSN (print)	2405-4569
Scope	Urology

Research and Writing Guides