How to format your references using the European Urology Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Urology Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Amelino-Camelia G. No theory is too special to question. Nature 2012;483:125.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Nishide H, Oyaizu K. Materials science. Toward flexible batteries. Science 2008;319:737–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sun J-Y, Wu X-S, Wu L-G. Single and multiple vesicle fusion induce different rates of endocytosis at a central synapse. Nature 2002;417:555–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Lin S-K, Tsai M-Y, Tsai P-C, Hsu B-H. Formation of alternating interfacial layers in Au-12Ge/Ni joints. Sci Rep 2014;4:4557.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Memming R. Semiconductor Electrochemistry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Flatté ME, Ţifrea I, editors. Manipulating Quantum Coherence in Solid State Systems. vol. 244. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bray M, Jiang K. Comparing Systems. In: Bray M, Adamson B, Mason M, editors. Comparative Education Research: Approaches and Methods, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 139–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Urology Focus.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Major Improvement To Drug-Free Fertility Treatment. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/major-improvement-to-drugfree-fertility-treatment/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Survey at the Regional Finance and Data Processing Center in Paris, France. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wetherington JM. The relationship between learning organization dimensions and performance in the nonprofit sector. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Detrick B. A Beachside Rave, by Way of Brooklyn. New York Times 2017:D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Urology Focus
Abbreviation	Eur. Urol. Focus
ISSN (print)	2405-4569
Scope	Urology

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