How to format your references using the European Urology Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Urology Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

de Wijn AG. Astronomy. Measuring solar magnetism. Science 2012;338:476–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Thoroughman KA, Shadmehr R. Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives. Nature 2000;407:742–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kwak S-H, Shen R, Schiefelbein J. Positional signaling mediated by a receptor-like kinase in Arabidopsis. Science 2005;307:1111–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Xiang G, Wang Y-G, Li J, Zhuang J, Wang X. Surface-specific interaction by structure-match confined pure high-energy facet of unstable TiO₂(B) polymorph. Sci Rep 2013;3:1411.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lincoln NB, Kneebone II, Macniven JAB, Morris RC. Psychological Management of Stroke. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Coppola CP, Kennedy AP Jr, Scorpio RJ, editors. Pediatric Surgery: Diagnosis and Treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mendoza G, Khero Z. Building Pakistan’s Resilience to Flood Disasters in the Indus River Basin. In: Tortajada C, editor. Increasing Resilience to Climate Variability and Change: The Roles of Infrastructure and Governance in the Context of Adaptation, Singapore: Springer; 2016, p. 81–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Urology Focus.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Mars’ Surface Plays A Role In Its Atmospheric Composition. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mars-surface-plays-a-role-in-its-atmospheric-composition/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Problems Persist in FAA’s Inspection Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Roan R. Depth and Digital in Conversation: Practicing Marriage and Family Therapy Directly With Video Game Avatars. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. A Fly on the Wall In the Inner Sanctum Of American Soccer. New York Times 2011:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Urology Focus
Abbreviation	Eur. Urol. Focus
ISSN (print)	2405-4569
Scope	Urology