How to format your references using the European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rogers JA. Materials science. Nanometer-scale printing. Science 2012; 337: 1459–1460.

A journal article with 2 authors

Saye RI, Sethian JA. Multiscale modeling of membrane rearrangement, drainage, and rupture in evolving foams. Science 2013; 340: 720–724.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shen B, Makley DM, Johnston JN. Umpolung reactivity in amide and peptide synthesis. Nature 2010; 465: 1027–1032.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Clark PM, Loher P, Quann K et al. Argonaute CLIP-Seq reveals miRNA targetome diversity across tissue types. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 5947.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gray KA, Paschkewitz JJ. Next Generation HALT and HASS, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016.

An edited book

Fogh Olsen O, Florack L, Kuijper A, editors. Deep Structure, Singularities, and Computer Vision: First International Workshop, DSSCV 2005, Maastricht, The Netherlands, June 9-10, 2005, Revised Selected Papers,. 2005[Online] Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Basso D, Pesarin F, Salmaso L et al. Multivariate Continuous Data. In: Salmaso L, Pesarin F, Basso D (Eds.) Permutation Tests for Stochastic Ordering and ANOVA: Theory and Applications with R. New York, NY: Springer; 2009; 85–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin).

Blog post

Taub B. Light Pollution Leads Baby Sea Turtles Astray, Study Shows. In: IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018]. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/light-pollution-leads-baby-sea-turtles-astray-study-shows/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Trust Funds Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wirtz Y. Strain Variation between the Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Southern Santa Maria Basin, California, USA: Implications for Structural Assessment of Fold and Thrust Belts [Doctoral dissertation] Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fink S. Even Nightmares Are Classified. In: New York Times. 2016 Nov. 12 A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [4, 1–3].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin)
Abbreviation	Ultraschall Med.
ISSN (print)	0172-4614
ISSN (online)	1438-8782
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging