How to format your references using the European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gerlt JA. Obituary: Frank H. Westheimer (1912-2007). Nature. 2007;447:543.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Holowka S, Petitto LA. Left hemisphere cerebral specialization for babies while babbling. Science. 2002;297:1515.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schmidt WH, Houang R, Cogan LS. Education. Preparing future math teachers. Science. 2011;332:1266–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Svensen H, Planke S, Malthe-Sørenssen A, Jamtveit B, Myklebust R, Rasmussen Eidem T, et al. Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming. Nature. 2004;429:542–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Gianni R. Responsibility and Freedom. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Pagano MC, editor. Recent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Curry GL, Feldman RM. Processing Time Variability. In: Feldman RM, editor. Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 109–23.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Sports Stadium Lights May Alter Bat Behavior And Threaten Biodiversity [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sports-stadium-lights-may-alter-bat-behavior/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. FCC: Maritime Communications. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Aug. Report No.: OGC-98-66.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kim H. Empathy in the Early Childhood Classroom: Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions, Understanding and Practices [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Curb on Access to News In Prison Gets Hearing. New York Times. 2006 Mar 28;A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1863-9933
ISSN (online)	1863-9941
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery

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