How to format your references using the European Journal of Sustainable Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Sustainable Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fiete, G. A. (2011). Physics. How do you want that insulator? Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6029), 546–547.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gitlin, A. D., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2015). Immunology: Fifty years of B lymphocytes. Nature, 517(7533), 139–141.

A journal article with 3 authors

Migliari, S., Fender, R., & Méndez, M. (2002). Iron emission lines from extended x-ray jets in SS 433: reheating of atomic nuclei. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5587), 1673–1676.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Liu, C.-Z., Wu, F.-Y., Chung, S.-L., Li, Q.-L., Sun, W.-D., & Ji, W.-Q. (2014). A “hidden” 18O-enriched reservoir in the sub-arc mantle. Scientific Reports, 4, 4232.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mory, M. (2013). Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Karl, H. A., Scarlett, L., Vargas-Moreno, J. C., & Flaxman, M. (Eds.). (2012). Restoring Lands - Coordinating Science, Politics and Action: Complexities of Climate and Governance. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Barnett, A. G., & Dobson, A. J. (2010). Controlling for Season. In A. J. Dobson (Ed.), Analysing Seasonal Health Data (pp. 129–150). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Sustainable Development.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, March 31). Two Most Destructive Termite Species Could Be Creating “Super” Hybrids. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/two-most-destructive-termite-species-could-be-creating-super-hybrids-florida/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Special Education: Numbers of Formal Disputes Are Generally Low and States Are Using Mediation and Other Strategies to Resolve Conflicts (GAO-03-897). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warwick-Smith, K. M. (2017). Remembering Prudence: Tracking the Iconography of a Cardinal Virtue to Her Resurgence in Depth Psychology [Doctoral dissertation]. Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017, June 12). Halsey Reaches the Top Of the Billboard Chart. New York Times, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fiete, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Fiete, 2011; Gitlin & Nussenzweig, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gitlin & Nussenzweig, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Sustainable Development
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Sustain. Dev.
ISSN (print)	2239-5938
ISSN (online)	2239-6101
Scope