How to format your references using the European Journal of Special Needs Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Special Needs Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Garsin, Danielle A. 2004. “Microbiology. Peptide Signals Sense and Destroy Target Cells.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 (5705): 2202–2203.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kemp, Charles, and Terry Regier. 2012. “Kinship Categories across Languages Reflect General Communicative Principles.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 336 (6084): 1049–1054.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rikkinen, Jouko, Ilona Oksanen, and Katileena Lohtander. 2002. “Lichen Guilds Share Related Cyanobacterial Symbionts.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 297 (5580): 357.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ma, L. Q., K. M. Komar, C. Tu, W. Zhang, Y. Cai, and E. D. Kennelley. 2001. “A Fern That Hyperaccumulates Arsenic.” Nature 409 (6820): 579.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hu, Joseph C. 2011. Asset Securitization. 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Pfander, Götz E., ed. 2015. Sampling Theory, a Renaissance: Compressive Sensing and Other Developments. 1st ed. 2015. Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Halper, Jaroslava. 2014. “Proteoglycans and Diseases of Soft Tissues.” In Progress in Heritable Soft Connective Tissue Diseases, edited by Jaroslava Halper, 49–58. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Special Needs Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2015. “Hubble Checks Out Stunning Spiral Galaxy.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Small Business Research Programs: More Guidance and Oversight Needed to Comply with Spending and Reporting Requirements. GAO-14-431. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McAlpine, Teresa Elizabeth. 2008. “College Students and Career: An Exploration of Vocational Anticipatory Socialization.” Doctoral dissertation, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon, Michael R. 2017. “Trump Gives Mattis Authority to Send More Troops to Afghanistan.” New York Times, June 13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Garsin 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Garsin 2004; Kemp and Regier 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kemp and Regier 2012)
Three authors: (Rikkinen, Oksanen, and Lohtander 2002)
4 or more authors: (Ma et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Special Needs Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Spec. Needs Educ.
ISSN (print)	0885-6257
ISSN (online)	1469-591X
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education Health Professions (miscellaneous)