How to format your references using the European Journal of Special Needs Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Special Needs Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaiser, Christian R. 2007. “Astronomy. Simmering, Not Boiling.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 318 (5849): 404–405.

A journal article with 2 authors

Goyal, Sandeep K., and Thomas Konrad. 2013. “Teleporting Photonic Qudits Using Multimode Quantum Scissors.” Scientific Reports 3 (December): 3548.

A journal article with 3 authors

Birbeck, Gretchen L., Ana-Claire Meyer, and Adesola Ogunniyi. 2015. “Nervous System Disorders across the Life Course in Resource-Limited Settings.” Nature 527 (7578): S167-71.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Dean, A. J., D. J. Clark, J. B. Stephen, V. A. McBride, L. Bassani, A. Bazzano, A. J. Bird, A. B. Hill, S. E. Shaw, and P. Ubertini. 2008. “Polarized Gamma-Ray Emission from the Crab.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321 (5893): 1183–1185.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilson, Marisa. 2013. Everyday Moral Economies. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.

An edited book

Harel, David. 2008. Algoritmi: Lo Spirito Dell’informatica. Edited by Yishai Feldman. Unitext. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gollasch, Stephan, Matej David, Karina Keast, Naomi Parker, and Chris Wiley. 2015. “Policy and Legal Framework and the Current Status of Ballast Water Management Requirements.” In Global Maritime Transport and Ballast Water Management: Issues and Solutions, edited by Matej David and Stephan Gollasch, 59–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Special Needs Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Watch TV Hosts Argue About Whether The Moon Is A Star Or Planet.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/shopping-channel-hosts-argue-whether-moon-star-or-planet/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2002. Higher Education: Activities Underway to Improve Teacher Training, but Reporting on These Activities Could Be Enhanced. GAO-03-6. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sherwin, Peggy R. 2012. “The Disconnection between High School and College: A Study of Retention of Students Who Are at Risk of Leaving College before Completing a Degree.” Doctoral dissertation, St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, Ben. 2016. “A No. 1 for Lady Gaga.” New York Times, October 31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kaiser 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Kaiser 2007; Goyal and Konrad 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Goyal and Konrad 2013)
Three authors: (Birbeck, Meyer, and Ogunniyi 2015)
4 or more authors: (Dean et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Special Needs Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Spec. Needs Educ.
ISSN (print)	0885-6257
ISSN (online)	1469-591X
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education Health Professions (miscellaneous)