How to format your references using the European Journal of Special Needs Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Special Needs Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier, Quirin. 2002. “Low Stocks Prompt Calls for North Atlantic Fishing Ban.” Nature 419 (6910): 866.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fernández, Ariel, and Michael Lynch. 2011. “Non-Adaptive Origins of Interactome Complexity.” Nature 474 (7352): 502–505.

A journal article with 3 authors

Redhu, Shiv K., Matteo Castronovo, and Allen W. Nicholson. 2013. “Digital Imprinting of RNA Recognition and Processing on a Self-Assembled Nucleic Acid Matrix.” Scientific Reports 3: 2550.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Jung, Andreas, Reinhard Maier, Jean-Pierre Vartanian, Gennady Bocharov, Volker Jung, Ulrike Fischer, Eckart Meese, Simon Wain-Hobson, and Andreas Meyerhans. 2002. “Recombination: Multiply Infected Spleen Cells in HIV Patients.” Nature 418 (6894): 144.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Singer, Brian, and Greg Fedorinchik. 2009. Investment Leadership and Portfolio Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rowiński, Paweł, and Artur Radecki-Pawlik, eds. 2015. Rivers – Physical, Fluvial and Environmental Processes. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Haseeb, Muhammad, and Edwin R. Hancock. 2013. “Eigenvector Sign Correction for Spectral Correspondence Matching.” In Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2013: 17th International Conference, Naples, Italy, September 9-13, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, edited by Alfredo Petrosino, 41–50. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Special Needs Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2016. “Disease Evolution: The Origins Of Anorexia And How It’s Shaped By Culture And Time.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/disease-evolution-origins-anorexia-and-how-it-s-shaped-culture-and-time/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Aviation Security: Further Steps Needed to Strengthen the Security of Commercial Airport Perimeters and Access Controls. GAO-04-728. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luscinski, Autumn. 2017. “Best Practices in Adult Online Learning.” Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman, William. 2015. “Colombia Close to a Peace Accord With Rebels.” New York Times, September 24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schiermeier 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Schiermeier 2002; Fernández and Lynch 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fernández and Lynch 2011)
Three authors: (Redhu, Castronovo, and Nicholson 2013)
4 or more authors: (Jung et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Special Needs Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Spec. Needs Educ.
ISSN (print)	0885-6257
ISSN (online)	1469-591X
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education Health Professions (miscellaneous)