How to format your references using the European Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor G. Astrophysics: A tight duo in a trio of black holes. Nature. 2014; 511: 35–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kramer EM, Donohue K. Evolution. Traversing the adaptive landscape in snapdragons. Science. 2006; 313: 924–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rikkinen J, Oksanen I, Lohtander K. Lichen guilds share related cyanobacterial symbionts. Science. 2002; 297: 357.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xu W, Zhang H, Li G, Wu Z. Nickel-cobalt bimetallic anode catalysts for direct urea fuel cell. Sci Rep. 2014; 4: 5863.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Aubry J-F, Brînzei N. Systems Dependability Assessment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Lewis A. Beginning Google Maps Applications with Rails and Ajax: From Novice to Professional. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2007. XVI, 365 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Boender CGE, Bovenberg AL, van Hoogdalem S, Nijman TE. Optimal risk-sharing in private and collective pension contracts. In: Steenbeek O, Lecq F van der, editors. Costs and Benefits of Collective Pension Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 75–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Davis J. World’s First Fluorescent Frog Discovered In The Amazon [Internet]. IFLScience. 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/worlds-first-fluorescent-frog-discovered-in-the-amazon/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Technological and Regulatory Factors Affecting Consumer Choice of Internet Providers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gill GJ. The experience of family caregiving of the terminally ill: A phenomenological study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Next Chicago School Crisis: Pension Fund. New York Times. 2012; : A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1120-6721
ISSN (online)	1724-6016
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology