How to format your references using the European Journal of Medical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Medical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Grabowsky M. The billion-dollar malaria moment. Nature. 2008;451:1051–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Yang T, Shadlen MN. Probabilistic reasoning by neurons. Nature. 2007;447:1075–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Peñalver E, Grimaldi DA, Delclòs X. Early Cretaceous spider web with its prey. Science. 2006;312:1761.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Padera TP, Stoll BR, Tooredman JB, Capen D, di Tomaso E, Jain RK. Pathology: cancer cells compress intratumour vessels. Nature. 2004;427:695.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ferrari ML, Damo UM, Turan A, Sánchez D. Hybrid Systems Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Lichtfouse E, editors. Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Markl M. Higher Braces Via Formal (Non)Commutative Geometry. In: Kielanowski P, Bieliavsky P, Odzijewicz A, Schlichenmaier M, Voronov T, editors. Geometric Methods in Physics: XXXIII Workshop, Białowieża, Poland, June 29 – July 5, 2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 67–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Medical Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Newly Released Footage Shows A Wild Panda Masturbating [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/newly-released-footage-shows-wild-panda-masturbating/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Program To Strengthen Developing Institutions of Higher Education Lacks Direction. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979 Mar. Report No.: 108907.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Johnson L. The Relationship between Mock Jurors’ Locus of Control, Belief in a Just World, and an NGRI Verdict [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. A Playwright Intent on Naming, and Goading, the Beast Within. New York Times. 2016 Sep 17;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Medical Research
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Med. Res.
ISSN (online)	2047-783X
Scope	General Medicine

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