How to format your references using the European Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Fauci AS. 25 years of HIV. Nature. 2008;453:289–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Freiwald WA, Tsao DY. Functional compartmentalization and viewpoint generalization within the macaque face-processing system. Science. 2010;330:845–51.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Chakravarty S, Kee H-Y, Völker K. An explanation for a universality of transition temperatures in families of copper oxide superconductors. Nature. 2004;428:53–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nateri AS, Riera-Sans L, Da Costa C, Behrens A. The ubiquitin ligase SCFFbw7 antagonizes apoptotic JNK signaling. Science. 2004;303:1374–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Maudlin T. Quantum Non-Locality and Relativity. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Shareefdeen Z, Singh A, editors. Biotechnology for Odor and Air Pollution Control. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Camenisch J, Dubovitskaya M, Kohlweiss M, Lapon J, Neven G. Cryptographic Mechanisms for Privacy. In: Camenisch J, Fischer-Hübner S, Rannenberg K, editors. Privacy and Identity Management for Life. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 117–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Elephant Seals Shed Mercury Along With Their Fur. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Station: NASA’s Software Development Approach Increases Safety and Cost Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Jun. Report No.: IMTEC-92-39.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lew MM. Hydroxyl, Hydroperoxyl, and Organic Peroxy Radical Chemistry in Forested Areas: Measurements, Modeling and Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Barron J. It’s Time to Retrieve Time’s Time Capsule. New York Times. 2017 Jun 25;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0393-2990
ISSN (online)	1573-7284
Scope	Epidemiology

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