How to format your references using the European Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Stone R. EASTERN EUROPE: Serbian University Law Causes Turmoil. Science. 2000;290:691.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wang L, Anderson DJ. Identification of an aggression-promoting pheromone and its receptor neurons in Drosophila. Nature. 2010;463:227–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Devine JA, Baker KD, Haedrich RL. Fisheries: deep-sea fishes qualify as endangered. Nature. 2006;439:29.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Varga V, Losonczy A, Zemelman BV, Borhegyi Z, Nyiri G, Domonkos A, et al. Fast synaptic subcortical control of hippocampal circuits. Science. 2009;326:449–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rosenbaum J, Pearl J. Investment Banking. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

1. Zurada JM, Yen GG, Wang J, editors. Computational Intelligence: Research Frontiers: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI 2008, Hong Kong, China, June 1-6, 2008, Plenary/Invited Lectures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Marshall AW, Olkin I, Arnold BC. Preservation and Generation of Majorization. In: Olkin I, Arnold BC, editors. Inequalities: Theory of Majorization and Its Applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. p. 165–202.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Nocturnal Dung Beetles Use Different Celestial Cues Than Those Active In The Day [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nocturnal-dung-beetles-use-different-celestial-cues-those-active-day/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Implementation of FTA’s New Starts Evaluation Process and FY 2001 Funding Proposals. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Apr. Report No.: RCED-00-149.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Casco D. Consonance: An inter play of music and design to evoke curiosity and awareness of our musical identity [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schmidt MS. Red Sox Used Apple Watch to Help Steal Signs, Inquiry Finds. New York Times. 2017 Sep 5;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0393-2990
ISSN (online)	1573-7284
Scope	Epidemiology