How to format your references using the European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hawkins, J. M. (2015). Organic chemistry: Streamlining drug synthesis. Nature, 520(7547), 302–303.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schuchmann, K., & Müller, V. (2013). Direct and reversible hydrogenation of CO2 to formate by a bacterial carbon dioxide reductase. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6164), 1382–1385.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kernbauer, E., Ding, Y., & Cadwell, K. (2014). An enteric virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria. Nature, 516(7529), 94–98.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Takahashi, H., Igawa, K., Arii, K., Kamihara, Y., Hirano, M., & Hosono, H. (2008). Superconductivity at 43 K in an iron-based layered compound LaO(1-x)F(x)FeAs. Nature, 453(7193), 376–378.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Feldmann, D. (2015). Social Movements For Good. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Li, Y., & Kaiser, G. (Eds.). (2011). Expertise in Mathematics Instruction: An International Perspective. Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Nath, V., & Levinson, S. E. (2014). Robot Kinematics. In S. E. Levinson (Ed.), Autonomous Robotics and Deep Learning (pp. 25–30). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, May 25). Scientists Forced To Write Studies To Refute Scott Pruitt’s Climate Denial Bullshit. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientists-forced-write-studies-refute-scott-pruitts-climate-denial-bullshit/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Community Placement of the Mentally Disabled in Michigan] (092277). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Delaney, D. C. (2014). Undergraduate social work students’ perceptions regarding hospice and end-of-life care [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J. (2016, September 19). TV Dominates Culture, and Trump Jokes Abound. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hawkins, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Hawkins, 2015; Schuchmann & Müller, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schuchmann & Müller, 2013)
Three authors: (Kernbauer et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Takahashi et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
ISSN (print)	1964-8189
ISSN (online)	2116-7214
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Environmental Engineering