How to format your references using the European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kasting, J. F. (2001). Earth history. The rise of atmospheric oxygen. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5531), 819–820.

A journal article with 2 authors

Matsuoka, T., & Shimizu, K. (2009). Direct observation of a pressure-induced metal-to-semiconductor transition in lithium. Nature, 458(7235), 186–189.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tomoyasu, Y., Wheeler, S. R., & Denell, R. E. (2005). Ultrabithorax is required for membranous wing identity in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Nature, 433(7026), 643–647.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Pai, D. Z., Ken Ostrikov, K., Kumar, S., Lacoste, D. A., Levchenko, I., & Laux, C. O. (2013). Energy efficiency in nanoscale synthesis using nanosecond plasmas. Scientific Reports, 3, 1221.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allerton, D. (2009). Principles of Flight Simulation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gensel, J., Josselin, D., & Vandenbroucke, D. (Eds.). (2012). Bridging the Geographic Information Sciences: International AGILE’2012 Conference, Avignon (France), April, 24-27, 2012. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Loewenberger, P. (2016). Human Resource Development, Creativity and Innovation. In H. Shipton, P. Budhwar, P. Sparrow, & A. Brown (Eds.), Human Resource Management, Innovation and Performance (pp. 48–65). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, August 21). Lionesses Take On Crocodile Over Elephant Meal. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/lionesses-take-crocodile-over-elephant-meal/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Obtaining Care for Chronically Ill Children in the Home Based Setting (T-HRD-88-17). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coles, J. (2017). The Balancing of Parental Support and Pressure in Fostering Collegiate Athletes [Doctoral dissertation]. Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B. (2017, January 20). How Johnson Might Balance Ambassadorship and the Jets. New York Times, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kasting, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Kasting, 2001; Matsuoka & Shimizu, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Matsuoka & Shimizu, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Pai et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
ISSN (print)	1964-8189
ISSN (online)	2116-7214
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Environmental Engineering