How to format your references using the European Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Job insecurity. Nature 2002;419:3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yack JE, Fullard JH. Ultrasonic hearing in nocturnal butterflies. Nature 2000;403:265–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Oganesyan V. Physics. Electron nematic phase in a transition metal oxide. Science 2007;315:196–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Meghraoui M, Delouis B, Ferry M, Giardini D, Huggenberger P, Spottke I, et al. Active normal faulting in the upper Rhine graben and paleoseismic identification of the 1356 Basel earthquake. Science 2001;293:2070–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gunn A, Pitt SJ. Parasitology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2012.

An edited book

Pontarotti P, editor. Evolutionary Biology: Exobiology and Evolutionary Mechanisms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Ji Y, Qu Z, Li W, Xu C, Zhu X. Study on the Screening for Chloronitrobenzene: Degrading Bacteria and Degradation of Chloronitrobenzene. In: Zhu E, Sambath S, eds. Information Technology and Agricultural Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2012. 23–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. Jaguars May Have Evolved To Hunt Particularly Dangerous Prey. IFLScience. 2016.https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/jaguars-may-have-evolved-to-hunt-particularly-dangerous-prey/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information System Security in Federal Civilian Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Castan JU. Congruence x employment tenure: A study with transitioning youth with disabilities. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hanc J. A Marathon Back Door That Leads to a Cause. New York Times. 2016;:SP5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0969-9546
ISSN (online)	1473-5695
Scope	Emergency Medicine