How to format your references using the European Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kitano H. Computational systems biology. Nature 2002;420:206–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yi X, Liu C. Retention of cotyledons is crucial for resprouting of clipped oak seedlings. Sci Rep 2014;4:5145.

A journal article with 3 authors

Artyukhin AB, Schroeder FC, Avery L. Density dependence in Caenorhabditis larval starvation. Sci Rep 2013;3:2777.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lainey V, Arlot J-E, Karatekin O, Van Hoolst T. Strong tidal dissipation in Io and Jupiter from astrometric observations. Nature 2009;459:957–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pagliaro LA, Pagliaro AM. Handbook of Child and Adolescent Drug and Substance Abuse. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2011.

An edited book

Suzuki T, Ohtsubo K, Taniguchi N, editors. Sugar Chains: Decoding the Functions of Glycans. Tokyo: Springer Japan 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Bridger JM, Mehta IS. Nuclear Molecular Motors for Active, Directed Chromatin Movement in Interphase Nuclei. In: Adams NM, Freemont PS, eds. Advances in Nuclear Architecture. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2011. 149–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. Color-Changing Bacteria Could Be Used To Diagnose Gut Diseases From Poop. IFLScience. 2017.https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/colorchanging-bacteria-could-be-used-to-diagnose-gut-diseases-from-poop/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Vocational Education: Status in 2-Year Colleges in 1990-91 and Early Signs of Change. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren PD. Characterizing polymers for cardiovascular devices. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Southard S. Nagasaki, the Forgotten City. New York Times. 2015;:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0969-9546
ISSN (online)	1473-5695
Scope	Emergency Medicine