How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bowen G. Hydrology: The diversified economics of soil water. Nature. 2015 Sep 3;525(7567):43–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang X, Lu X. Drastic change in China’s lakes and reservoirs over the past decades. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 13;4:6041.

A journal article with 3 authors

Niemeier M, Crawford JD, Tweed DB. Optimal transsaccadic integration explains distorted spatial perception. Nature. 2003 Mar 6;422(6927):76–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mizuguchi G, Shen X, Landry J, Wu WH, Sen S, Wu C. ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):343–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Henderson B, Dorsey J. Medical Terminology for Dummies®. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Guo S, Wong L, editors. Revisiting Multiculturalism in Canada: Theories, Policies and Debates. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2015. VI, 346 p. (Transnational Migration and Education).

A chapter in an edited book

Longo UG, Denaro L, Denaro V. Systematic Approach to the Patient to Minimize Errors of Diagnosis and Surgical Indications. In: Denaro L, D’Avella D, Denaro V, editors. Pitfalls in Cervical Spine Surgery: Avoidance and Management of Complications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

Andrews R. This Is What Ancient Greek Statues Used To Look Like In Color [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/this-is-what-ancient-greek-statues-used-to-look-like-in-color/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. K-12 Education: Federal Funding for and Characteristics of Public Schools with Extended Learning Time. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Nov. Report No.: GAO-16-141.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eggers M von. Searching for a Post-Jungian Psychophysical Reality in Recovery from Addiction [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Turkewitz J, Stolberg SG, Eligon J, Blinder A. Before the Gunfire in Virginia, A Volatile Home Life in Illinois. New York Times. 2017 Jun 17;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0014-2972
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
Scope	Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry General Medicine

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