How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

La Madeleine BL. Lost in translation. Nature. 2007 Jan 25;445(7126):454–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ting AY, Endy D. Signal transduction. Decoding NF-kappaB signaling. Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1189–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marhas KK, Goswami JN, Davis AM. Short-lived nuclides in hibonite grains from Murchison: evidence for solar system evolution. Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2182–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Niethammer P, Grabher C, Look AT, Mitchison TJ. A tissue-scale gradient of hydrogen peroxide mediates rapid wound detection in zebrafish. Nature. 2009 Jun 18;459(7249):996–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nomura S. Micromechanics with Mathematica. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Oliveira CS, Roca A, Goula X, editors. Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk: Geo-scientific and Engineering Knowledge for Earthquake Risk Mitigation: developments, tools, techniques. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. XXV, 545 p. (Geotechnical, Geological And Earthquake Engineering; vol. 2).

A chapter in an edited book

Condoleo P. The Mỹ Sơn Temples in Vietnam: Construction Techniques and Structural Issues. In: Dan MB, Přikryl R, Török Á, editors. Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 49–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Newly discovered gassy exoplanet has Earth-like mass [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/newly-discovered-gassy-exoplanet-has-earth-mass/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Budget: Trends in SSA’s Information Technology Systems Budget. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Apr. Report No.: IMTEC-88-33FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krug KA. Critical literacy in the face of a mandated curriculum: Can children read beyond the text? [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B. With Harleys and Hamburgers, Saudis Salute U.S. on Trump’s Visit. New York Times. 2017 May 20;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0014-2972
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
Scope	Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry General Medicine