How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Money NP. Fungal get-together. Nature. 2000 Jun 15;405(6788):751.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lyerly AD, Faden RR. Embryonic stem cells. Willingness to donate frozen embryos for stem cell research. Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):46–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Piovia-Scott J, Spiller DA, Schoener TW. Effects of experimental seaweed deposition on lizard and ant predation in an island food web. Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):461–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Macosko EZ, Pokala N, Feinberg EH, Chalasani SH, Butcher RA, Clardy J, et al. A hub-and-spoke circuit drives pheromone attraction and social behaviour in C. elegans. Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1171–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society. Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO. Berlin, Germany: Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2012.

An edited book

Gervasi O, Murgante B, Misra S, Rocha AMAC, Torre CM, Taniar D, et al., editors. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2016: 16th International Conference, Beijing, China, July 4-7, 2016, Proceedings, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XXVII, 650 p. 202 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9786).

A chapter in an edited book

Cui X. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine. In: Turksen K, editor. Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 109–22. (Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

Andrew E. 25 Strangest Things Found on an X-Ray [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/25-strangest-things-found-x-ray/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Student Aid And Postsecondary Tax Preferences: Limited Research Exists on Effectiveness of Tools to Assist Students and Families through Title IV Student Aid and Tax Preferences. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Jul. Report No.: GAO-05-684.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cao Y. Morphological and Functional Characterization of the Neurotransmitter GABA in Adult Rat Taste Buds [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly K. A Piece of Obama’s Life, Post-Presidency: Sandwiches and Speeches. New York Times. 2017 Sep 26;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0014-2972
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
Scope	Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry General Medicine