How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duncan M. Astronomy. Re-viewing an old comet reservoir. Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1211–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bouziat R, Jabri B. IMMUNOLOGY. Breaching the gut-vascular barrier. Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):742–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reinfelder JR, Kraepiel AM, Morel FM. Unicellular C4 photosynthesis in a marine diatom. Nature. 2000 Oct 26;407(6807):996–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kamal A, Thao L, Sensintaffar J, Zhang L, Boehm MF, Fritz LC, et al. A high-affinity conformation of Hsp90 confers tumour selectivity on Hsp90 inhibitors. Nature. 2003 Sep 25;425(6956):407–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robertson B, Vignaux GA, Berger CEH. Interpreting Evidence. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Dustdar S. Service Engineering: European Research Results. Li F, editor. Vienna: Springer; 2011. XII, 338 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Ellis GFR. Top-Down Causation and the Human Brain. In: Murphy N, Ellis GFR, O’Connor T, editors. Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 63–81. (Kelso JAS, Érdi P, Friston KJ, Haken H, Kacprzyk J, Kurths J, et al., editors. Understanding Complex Systems).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Increased Typhoon Intensity Linked To Ocean Warming [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/increased-typhoon-intensity-linked-ocean-warming/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Administration of Federal Support of Shore Facilities and Vessels for Research Activities at Oceanographic Institutions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970 Sep. Report No.: B-169941.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grizzel RE. Three choral works by Dr. James Mobberley—the analysis rehearsal, and performance of “Poem to Ease Birth”, “Lullaby”, and “Spring: O Sparrow” [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Patriarch Aleksy II, Russian Orthodox Leader, Dies at 79. New York Times. 2008 Dec 6;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0014-2972
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
Scope	Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry General Medicine