How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kendall K. Hydrocarbon fuels. Hopes for a flame-free future. Nature. 2000 Mar 16;404(6775):233, 235.

A journal article with 2 authors

Berndt A, Deisseroth K. OPTOGENETICS. Expanding the optogenetics toolkit. Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):590–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liljas A, Ehrenberg M, Åqvist J. Comment on “The mechanism for activation of GTP hydrolysis on the ribosome.” Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):37; author reply 37.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Oganov AR, Chen J, Gatti C, Ma Y, Ma Y, Glass CW, et al. Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron. Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):292.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Franssen JM, Vila Real P. Fire Design of Steel Structures. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

Nunno GD, Øksendal B, Proske F, editors. Malliavin Calculus for Lévy Processes with Applications to Finance. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. XIV, 418 p. (Universitext).

A chapter in an edited book

Jones C, Jia X. Using a Domain Specific Language for Lightweight Model-Driven Development. In: Maciaszek LA, Filipe J, editors. Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering: 9th International Conference, ENASE 2014, Lisbon, Portugal, April 28-30, 2014 Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 46–62. (Communications in Computer and Information Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Experimental Drug Kills Malaria Parasite In 2 Days [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/experimental-drug-kills-malaria-parasite-2-days/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Student Attrition at the Five Federal Service Academies. Enclosure B: Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976 Mar. Report No.: FPCD-76-12B.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wellman TE. Employment Discrimination against Military Spouses: Illegal Contrary to Popular Belief and Practice [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loomis G. Bringing Fresh Interpretations to Vintage Verdi and Handel. New York Times. 2013 Jan 22;0.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0014-2972
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
Scope	Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry General Medicine