How to format your references using the European Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wyse R. Astronomy. Galactic encounters. Science 2003;301:1055–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Pitaevskii L, Stringari S. Ultracold matter. The quest for superfluidity in Fermi gases. Science 2002;298:2144–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Rouse GW, Goffredi SK, Vrijenhoek RC. Osedax: bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males. Science 2004;305:668–71.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Tian P, Keusters D, Suzaki Y, Warren WS. Femtosecond phase-coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy. Science 2003;300:1553–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Modarres M, Amiri M, Jackson C. Probabilistic Physics of Failure Approach to Reliability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Belin P, Campanella S, Ethofer T, editors. Integrating Face and Voice in Person Perception. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Li Y, Zirah S, Rebuffat S. Biosynthesis, Regulation and Export of Lasso Peptides. In: Zirah S, Rebuffat S, editors. Lasso Peptides: Bacterial Strategies to Make and Maintain Bioactive Entangled Scaffolds, New York, NY: Springer; 2015, p. 81–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. NASA Observatory Captures Stunning Solar Flare. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-observatory-captures-intense-solar-flare-sun/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Planning for Education Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Walker D. University Research Adminstrators’ Perception of Incivility and the Relationship to Employee Engagement. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. COURT TO WEIGH RACE AS A FACTOR IN SCHOOL ROLLS. New York Times 2006:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0959-8049
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology

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