How to format your references using the 4OR citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 4OR. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gibney E (2014) How to tame the flood of literature. Nature 513:129–130

A journal article with 2 authors

Moffatt HK, Shimomura Y (2002) Classical dynamics: spinning eggs--a paradox resolved. Nature 416:385–386

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu SW, Ogawa N, Ho W (2006) Atomic-scale coupling of photons to single-molecule junctions. Science 312:1362–1365

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rudebeck PH, Buckley MJ, Walton ME, Rushworth MFS (2006) A role for the macaque anterior cingulate gyrus in social valuation. Science 313:1310–1312

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carroll JM, Bowyer-Crane C, Duff FJ, et al (2011) Developing Language and Literacy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Kennelly SJ (ed) (2007) By-catch Reduction in the World’s Fisheries. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Appel C, Guerrero RG (2006) Finding Common Ground in LSP: A Computer-Mediated Communication Project. In: Macià EA, Cervera AS, Ramos CR (eds) Information Technology in Languages for Specific Purposes: Issues and Prospects. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 75–90

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 4OR.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Humpback Whales No Longer Threatened? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/humpback-whales-no-longer-threatened/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Serious Shortcomings in FAA’s Training Program Must Be Remedied. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Whitbeck DC (2013) Mapping of Sonoran Desert vegetation communities of San Cristobal Valley and southern Sentinel Plains, Barry M. Goldwater Range and variables influencing route proliferation in the Barry M. Goldwater Range’s San Cristobal Valley. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J (2017) In East Hampton, an Airport Is Viewed as a Roaring, Round-the-Clock Nuisance. New York Times A16

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gibney 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Moffatt and Shimomura 2002; Gibney 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Moffatt and Shimomura 2002)
Three or more authors: (Rudebeck et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	4OR
Abbreviation	4OR
ISSN (print)	1619-4500
ISSN (online)	1614-2411
Scope	Management Information Systems Computational Theory and Mathematics Theoretical Computer Science