How to format your references using the European Journal of Applied Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Applied Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stewart W (2007) Applied physics. The power to set you free. Science 317:55–56

A journal article with 2 authors

Famiglietti JS, Rodell M (2013) Environmental science. Water in the balance. Science 340:1300–1301

A journal article with 3 authors

Fried SD, Bagchi S, Boxer SG (2014) Extreme electric fields power catalysis in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase. Science 346:1510–1514

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Klose RJ, Yamane K, Bae Y, et al (2006) The transcriptional repressor JHDM3A demethylates trimethyl histone H3 lysine 9 and lysine 36. Nature 442:312–316

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simon MK, Lee D, Martin WL, et al (2005) Bandwidth-Efficient Digital Modulation with Application to Deep Space Communications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Billeter M, Orekhov V (eds) (2012) Novel Sampling Approaches in Higher Dimensional NMR. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Sakhravi R, Omran MT, Oommen BJ (2014) On the Existence and Heuristic Computation of the Solution for the Commons Game. In: Nguyen NT (ed) Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XIV. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 71–99

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Applied Physiology.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Here’s What It Would Look Like To Walk Through A Rainbow. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/awesome-view-looking-down-rainbow/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Federal Research: Small Business Innovation Research Program Shows Success But Can Be Strengthened. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walther RL (2017) Approaches to Stream Restoration: Practices in Missouri and Illinois. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker L (2010) Reviving a Poor Neighborhood for Its Inhabitants. New York Times B6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stewart 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Stewart 2007; Famiglietti and Rodell 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Famiglietti and Rodell 2013)
Three or more authors: (Klose et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327
Scope	Physiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical)

Research and Writing Guides