How to format your references using the European Journal of Applied Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Applied Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thomas PJ (2011) Cell signaling. Every bit counts. Science 334:321–322

A journal article with 2 authors

Chien P, Weissman JS (2001) Conformational diversity in a yeast prion dictates its seeding specificity. Nature 410:223–227

A journal article with 3 authors

Reina JH, Susa CE, Fanchini FF (2014) Extracting information from qubit-environment correlations. Sci Rep 4:7443

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ryu D, Kang H, Cho J, Das S (2008) Turbulence and magnetic fields in the large-scale structure of the universe. Science 320:909–912

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Karlson B, Bria A, Lind J, et al (2005) Wireless Foresight. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Roberts LW (ed) (2013) The Academic Medicine Handbook: A Guide to Achievement and Fulfillment for Academic Faculty. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Boitani C, Puglisi R (2009) Selenium, a Key Element in Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility. In: Cheng CY (ed) Molecular Mechanisms in Spermatogenesis. Springer, New York, NY, pp 65–73

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Applied Physiology.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Researchers Discover New Critters Who Feed on Human Corpses. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-discover-new-critters-who-feed-human-corpses/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Elementary and Secondary Education: Flexibility Initiatives Do Not Address Districts’ Key Concerns About Federal Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hartl SD (2012) The role of culture in managing diversity: How culturally based heuristics differ in minority and non-minority managerial decision making. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmitt E (2017) Vast Exercise Demonstrated Russia’s Growing Military Prowess. New York Times A11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thomas 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Chien and Weissman 2001; Thomas 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chien and Weissman 2001)
Three or more authors: (Ryu et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327
Scope	Physiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical)