How to format your references using the European Journal of Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Makalowski W (2003) Genomics. Not junk after all. Science 300:1246–1247

A journal article with 2 authors

Moine H, Mandel JL (2001) Biomedicine. Do G quartets orchestrate fragile X pathology? Science 294:2487–2488

A journal article with 3 authors

Mendoza M, Succi S, Herrmann HJ (2013) Flow through randomly curved manifolds. Sci Rep 3:3106

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fuerst PG, Koizumi A, Masland RH, Burgess RW (2008) Neurite arborization and mosaic spacing in the mouse retina require DSCAM. Nature 451:470–474

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Garton AF (2008) Exploring Cognitive Development: The Child as Problem Solver. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Müller MS, Resch MM, Schulz A, Nagel WE (eds) (2010) Tools for High Performance Computing 2009: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Parallel Tools for High Performance Computing, September 2009, ZIH, Dresden. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Shrivastava P, Gupta U, Jain T, et al (2016) Genetic Portrait of Bhil Tribe of Central India Based on Autosomal and X STR Loci. In: Avadhanam S, Jyothsna G, Kashyap A (eds) Next Generation DNA Led Technologies. Springer, Singapore, pp 27–34

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Ageing.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Giant Slugs Are Breaking Into Bird Nests And Eating The Chicks. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/giant-slugs-are-breaking-into-bird-nests-and-eating-the-chicks/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) School Accreditation: Activities of Seven Agencies That Accredit Proprietary Schools. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Magallanes J (2014) Experiences with formal and informal support: A case study of a female-to-male transgender individual. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2017) Film Series. New York Times C24

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Makalowski 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Moine and Mandel 2001; Makalowski 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Moine and Mandel 2001)
Three or more authors: (Fuerst et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Ageing
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Ageing
ISSN (print)	1613-9372
ISSN (online)	1613-9380
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Health(social science)

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