How to format your references using the European Geriatric Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Geriatric Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Langer R. Drug delivery. Drugs on target. Science 2001;293:58–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Tanaka KD, Ueda K. Horsfield’s hawk-cuckoo nestlings simulate multiple gapes for begging. Science 2005;308:653.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Yu Y, Nakano M, Ikeda T. Photomechanics: directed bending of a polymer film by light. Nature 2003;425:145.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Haj FG, Verveer PJ, Squire A, Neel BG, Bastiaens PIH. Imaging sites of receptor dephosphorylation by PTP1B on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Science 2002;295:1708–11.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Jay SA. High Voltage Electricity Installations. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Kazimierski Z. Externally Heated Valve Engine: A New Approach to Piston Engines. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Dyshkant N. Comparison of Point Clouds Acquired by 3D Scanner. In: Gonzalez-Diaz R, Jimenez M-J, Medrano B, editors. Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery: 17th IAPR International Conference, DGCI 2013, Seville, Spain, March 20-22, 2013. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 47–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Geriatric Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Why Do LSD Trips Last So Long? IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Trust Fund: Financial Status and Outlook. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hensley AL. Gender, personality, and coping: Unraveling gender in military post -deployment physical and mental wellness. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Herrman J. Counter Offensive. New York Times 2017:MM11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Geriatric Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. Geriatr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1878-7649
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Gerontology