How to format your references using the European Geriatric Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Geriatric Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Treutlein P. Physics. A single spin feels the vibrations. Science 2012;335:1584–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gebhardt JCM, Rief M. Biochemistry. Force signaling in biology. Science 2009;324:1278–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Warrick DR, Tobalske BW, Powers DR. Aerodynamics of the hovering hummingbird. Nature 2005;435:1094–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Bardgett RD, Smith RS, Shiel RS, Peacock S, Simkin JM, Quirk H, et al. Parasitic plants indirectly regulate below-ground properties in grassland ecosystems. Nature 2006;439:969–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kuus M. Geopolitics and Expertise. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Nyhan J. Computation and the Humanities: Towards an Oral History of Digital Humanities. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Danielescu A, Savio-Ramos C, Sadauskas J. Constructing an Embodied Interaction for Concept Mapping. In: Stephanidis C, editor. HCI International 2013 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts: International Conference, HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 23–7.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Geriatric Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. The Science Of ‘Hangry’, Or Why Some People Get Grumpy When They’re Hungry. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. School Dropouts: Survey of Local Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Coughenour BM. Photovoltaic concentrator optical system design: Solar energy engineering from physics to field. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Healy P. ‘Brexit’ Revolt Casts a Shadow Over Clinton’s Path of Caution. New York Times 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Geriatric Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. Geriatr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1878-7649
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Gerontology