How to format your references using the European Geriatric Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Geriatric Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Church JA. Climate change. How fast are sea levels rising? Science 2001;294:802–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Yadlapalli S, Yamashita YM. Chromosome-specific nonrandom sister chromatid segregation during stem-cell division. Nature 2013;498:251–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

James LC, Roversi P, Tawfik DS. Antibody multispecificity mediated by conformational diversity. Science 2003;299:1362–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ponton F, Lebarbenchon C, Lefèvre T, Biron DG, Duneau D, Hughes DP, et al. Parasitology: parasite survives predation on its host. Nature 2006;440:756.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Uriev NB. Technology of Dispersed Systems and Materials. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Dunlap BJ, editor. Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Girod SC. How to Align Individual Goals with Institutional Goals. In: Roberts LW, editor. The Academic Medicine Handbook: A Guide to Achievement and Fulfillment for Academic Faculty, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 27–31.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Geriatric Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. “All Of Science Is A Metaphor”: Deepak Chopra’s Curious Interview With IFLScience. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/all-of-science-is-a-metaphor-deepak-chopras-curious-interview-with-iflscience/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NIH Biomedical Research Support Grant Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Phillips TL. “Outsider Within” Narratives of Diversity Leadership: An Exploratory Case Study of Executive Women of Color. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Urbina I. A Model for ‘Clean Coal’ Goes Awry. New York Times 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Geriatric Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. Geriatr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1878-7649
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Gerontology