How to format your references using the European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burrows A (2005) A theoretical look at the direct detection of giant planets outside the Solar System. Nature 433:261–268

A journal article with 2 authors

Grill E, Christmann A (2007) Botany. A plant receptor with a big family. Science 315:1676–1677

A journal article with 3 authors

Ryu WS, Berry RM, Berg HC (2000) Torque-generating units of the flagellar motor of Escherichia coli have a high duty ratio. Nature 403:444–447

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bessell PR, Searle KR, Auty HK, et al (2013) Epidemic potential of an emerging vector borne disease in a marginal environment: Schmallenberg in Scotland. Sci Rep 3:1178

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mohanty S, Ghosh R (2010) Planning a Scientific Career in Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Sun J, Liu J, Fan S, Lu X (2015) China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2015 Proceedings: Volume II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Bannore V (2006) Regularization for Super-Resolution Image Reconstruction. In: Gabrys B, Howlett RJ, Jain LC (eds) Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 10th International Conference, KES 2006, Bournemouth, UK, October 9-11, 2006. Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 36–46

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) Do No Harm To Life On Mars? Ethical Limits Of The ‘Prime Directive. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/do-no-harm-life-mars-ethical-limits-prime-directive/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) [Comments on DOD Data Center Consolidation Plan]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caverly RS (2010) Marketing masculinity: Male identity, boy culture, and the Boy Scouts of America 1900–1940. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2016) After Battle of Strategy, Two Managers Are Satisfied With Their Moves. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Abbreviation	Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	0937-4477
ISSN (online)	1434-4726
Scope	General Medicine Otorhinolaryngology