How to format your references using the European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boyd RW (2015) Nuclear physics: Neutrons with a twist. Nature 525:462–464

A journal article with 2 authors

Audet P, Bürgmann R (2014) Possible control of subduction zone slow-earthquake periodicity by silica enrichment. Nature 510:389–392

A journal article with 3 authors

Cui P, Tang M, Wu Z-X (2014) Message spreading in networks with stickiness and persistence: large clustering does not always facilitate large-scale diffusion. Sci Rep 4:6303

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sluijs A, Brinkhuis H, Schouten S, et al (2007) Environmental precursors to rapid light carbon injection at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary. Nature 450:1218–1221

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Thomas CG (2014) Greece. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford

An edited book

Clark Wortham S (2013) Common Characteristics and Unique Qualities in Preschool Programs: Global Perspectives in Early Childhood Education. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Sundaram BM, Tippur HV (2016) Dynamic Crack Propagation in Layered Transparent Materials Studied Using Digital Gradient Sensing Method: Part-II. In: Song B, Lamberson L, Casem D, Kimberley J (eds) Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 25–31

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Hundreds Of Ancient Human Footprints Found In 19,000-Year-Old Volcanic Ash. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/hundreds-ancient-human-footprints-found-19000yearold-volcanic-ash/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service, and Safety at Small, Medium-Sized, and Large Communities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Duggimpudi MB (2017) Object Ranking Algorithms for Improved Decision Making. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sheehan N (2017) David and Goliath in Vietnam. New York Times SR9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Abbreviation	Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	0937-4477
ISSN (online)	1434-4726
Scope	General Medicine Otorhinolaryngology