How to format your references using the European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gadagkar R. Evolution. Sex...only if really necessary in a feminine monarchy. Science 2004;306:1694–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Henderson GM, Slowey NC. Evidence from U-Th dating against Northern Hemisphere forcing of the penultimate deglaciation. Nature 2000;404:61–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Smith DK, Cann JR, Escartín J. Widespread active detachment faulting and core complex formation near 13 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Nature 2006;442:440–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Dervyn E, Suski C, Daniel R, Bruand C, Chapuis J, Errington J, et al. Two essential DNA polymerases at the bacterial replication fork. Science 2001;294:1716–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ibe OC. Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Processes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Bichindaritz I, Vaidya S, Jain A, Jain LC, editors. Computational Intelligence in Healthcare 4: Advanced Methodologies. vol. 309. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Okaie Y, Nakano T, Hara T, Nishio S. Controllability of Mobile Bionanosensors. In: Nakano T, Hara T, Nishio S, editors. Target Detection and Tracking by Bionanosensor Networks, Singapore: Springer; 2016, p. 53–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Encryption Today: How Safe Is It Really? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/encryption-today-how-safe-it-really/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Bridges: Major Projects Present Challenges for States, but Strategies Exist to Overcome Them. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Chima-Okereke O. The distinct VPS35 mutant, env1, exhibits unique protein mislocalization and processing phenotype. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Traub J. Types of Catastrophe. New York Times 2016:BR12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases
Abbreviation	Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis.
ISSN (print)	1879-7296
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery