How to format your references using the Forests citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forests. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Severinghaus, J.P. Atmospheric Science. Monsoons and Meltdowns. Science 2009, 326, 240–241.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tosatti, E.; Prestipino, S. MATERIALS SCIENCE: Weird Gold Nanowires. Science 2000, 289, 561–563.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moses, M.J.; Fettinger, J.C.; Eichhorn, B.W. Interpenetrating As20 Fullerene and Ni12 Icosahedra in the Onion-Skin [As@Ni12@As20]3- Ion. Science 2003, 300, 778–780.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Holtmaat, A.; Wilbrecht, L.; Knott, G.W.; Welker, E.; Svoboda, K. Experience-Dependent and Cell-Type-Specific Spine Growth in the Neocortex. Nature 2006, 441, 979–983.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Varrall, G. Making Telecoms Work; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2011; ISBN 9781119967149.

An edited book

High-Efficiency Solar Cells: Physics, Materials, and Devices; Wang, X., Wang, Z.M., Eds.; Springer Series in Materials Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; Vol. 190; ISBN 9783319019871.

A chapter in an edited book

Iser, B.; Schmidt, G. Bandwidth Extension of Telephony Speech. In Speech and Audio Processing in Adverse Environments; Hänsler, E., Schmidt, G., Eds.; Signals and Communication Technology; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; pp. 135–184 ISBN 9783540706014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forests.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Researchers Track Monster Internal Waves The Size Of Skyscrapers Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/researchers-track-monster-internal-waves-see-how-they-form/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Digests of Unpublished Decisions of the Comptroller General, Vol. II, No. 1; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1985;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gao, H. Extracting Key Features for Analysis and Recognition in Computer Vision. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. Off to Italy to Study Art: An Ex-Inmate’s Journey. New York Times 2017, A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Forests
Abbreviation	Forests
ISSN (online)	1999-4907
Scope	Forestry