How to format your references using the Ethnomusicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethnomusicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sabeti, Pardis. 2011. “Genome-Sequencing Anniversary. The Landscape of Human Evolution.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 331(6018):690.

A journal article with 2 authors

Poulet, James F. A., and Berthold Hedwig. 2002. “A Corollary Discharge Maintains Auditory Sensitivity during Sound Production.” Nature 418(6900):872–76.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gandía-Herrero, Fernando, Francisco García-Carmona, and Josefa Escribano. 2005. “Botany: Floral Fluorescence Effect.” Nature 437(7057):334.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Shao, Yongliang, Lei Zhang, Xiaopeng Hao, Yongzhong Wu, Yuanbin Dai, Yuan Tian, and Qin Huo. 2014. “Large Area Stress Distribution in Crystalline Materials Calculated from Lattice Deformation Identified by Electron Backscatter Diffraction.” Scientific Reports 4(August):5934.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

El-Rewini, Hesham, and Mostafa Abd-El-Barr. 2004. Advanced Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chemat, Farid, and Maryline Abert Vian, eds. 2014. Alternative Solvents for Natural Products Extraction. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Tum, Markus, Kurt P. Günther, and Martin Kappas. 2013. “A Process-Based Vegetation Model for Estimating Agricultural Bioenergy Potentials.” In Sustainable Bioenergy Production - An Integrated Approach, edited by Hans Ruppert, Martin Kappas, and Jens Ibendorf, 97–110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethnomusicology.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Mantis Shrimp-Inspired Material Is Stronger than Airplanes.” IFLScience. IFLScience. April 23. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/mantis-shrimp-inspired-material-stronger-airplanes/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999. “Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Readiness of Key State-Administered Federal Programs.” T-AIMD-00-9. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rosenfeld, Elaine G. 2009. “The Ascent of Women to Senior Leadership Positions in the Financial Services Industry: A Phenomenological Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Link, Kelly. 2016. “Letting All the ‘What Ifs’ Out to Play.” New York Times, August 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sabeti 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Poulet and Hedwig 2002; Sabeti 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Poulet and Hedwig 2002)
Three or more authors: (Shao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethnomusicology
ISSN (print)	0014-1836
ISSN (online)	2156-7417
Scope	Music Anthropology Cultural Studies